2. What you need 1.Paper for Bellwork 2.Book open to pg. 243 3.Homework from last night 10.1 worksheet

3. Terms 1.Rivers and Seas pg. 244 2.The Franks pg 246 3.The Emperor Charlemagne pg. 247 4.Waves of Invaders pg. 248 5.Holy Roman Empire pg 249 6.Christianity in Europe pg 250 7.Monks and Nuns pg 250 8.Church Authority pg 251 9.Timeline pg.243

4. Leaders Jan-Feb Charles Martel 246 March-April Otto 249 May-June Charlemagne 247 July-Sept Frederick I 250 Oct-Dec Clovis 246

7. AD 476 Germanic invaders overthrew the last Roman emperor. This began the Middle Ages. Period between Ancient and Modern times. W. Europe was divided. Many Kingdoms. Christianity. Europe is a peninsula. Close to the sea. Trade is key.

9. Major rivers – Rhine, Danube, Seine and Po flow towards the seas.. Rivers and seas provide Trade and Protection. Great Britain separated by English Channel. Safe from war. Separation allowed many cultures to develop.. Pyrenees – Spain & Portugal. Alps – Separated Italy.

12. By AD 500, many Germanic Kingdoms in Europe. The Anglo-Saxons settled in Britain. Anglo-Saxons pushed the Celts to Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

13. Franks – Strongest Germanic Group. Settled near France & Germany. 481 King Clovis accepts Catholic Christianity. 714 Charles Martel becomes the mayor of the Palace. Wants to Strengthen Christianity, stop the spread of Islam. Martel’s son Pepin becomes King of the Franks.

15. 768 Pepin’s son Charles becomes King. Charles doubled the size of the kingdom. Germany, France, Spain and Italy. Charlemagne – Charles the Great. AD 800 Dec. 25 th Pope named him Roman Emperor. Strengthened the Empire, Used Counts to govern. Encouraged education.