1. CHAPTER 9 LESSON 2 : ROYAL POWER IN SPAIN AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

2. Spain
The Christian Reconquista (re-conquest) attempts to drive out the
Moors (Spanish Muslims)
King Ferdinand of Aragon marries Queen Isabella of Castile; unification of these two powerful
Catholic monarchs provides enough strength to push out the
last Muslim stronghold in Granada on
Iberian Peninsula by the year
1492

3. Religious toleration ends under their policy, “One monarchy, One law, One religion;” use of the
Inquisition (Catholic Church courts to try
heretics) causing extreme cruelty to
Jews and Moors;
Spanish economy declines when these educated ethnic groups are forced to leave the
Iberian Peninsula.

5. THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

6. 300 German/Italian states loosely headed by Holy Roman emperors, a
title reserved for the descendants of the first king of German lands,
Otto I;
“holy” because ever since Otto the Great, German emperors have always been crowned by a
pope.

7. (Charlemagne
was the 1st unofficial Holy Roman Emperor because he too ruled German lands but the name, “Holy Roman Empire,” did not exist at the time he ruled as Emperor of the Romans)

8. Frederick Barbarossa (the Red Beard)
attempts to secure an empire that includes
wealthy northern
Italian cities
but the pope and these Italian cities join together in an alliance called the
Lombard League to successfully defeat the emperor
"When the ravens cease to fly round the mountain," said the legend, "Barbarossa shall awake and restore Germany to its ancient greatness."  

9. Frederick II continues to pursue ambitions in Italy while
German feudal princes gain support against the emperor from the German middle class called
burghers (from the German word
“burg” meaning “town”).

10. Unlike England, France, and Spain, whose royal power continued to grow, the
H.R.E. would not unify for another
600 years when the country of
Germany is established in
1871.