1. Pages 94-98 and 100

2.  The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, starting around 8 months.  Shows that he/she is cognitively able to distinguish between faces and attachment to caregivers.ar of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

3.  An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by seeking closeness with a caregiver  Shown in distress upon separation

4.  Body Contact  Familiarity  Responsive Parenting

5.  The process by which certain animals will form an attachment very early in life  Critical period? Is there a window of opportunity to form an attachment?  Konrad Lorenz’s study with newborn geese. process by which certain Lorenz's geese formLorenz's geese  Do humans imprint? attachments during a critical period very early in life. Do human’s imprint?

6. Discovered that monkeys preferred the soft body contact of a cloth mother, over the nourishment of a hard/wiry mother. http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=hsA5Sec6dAI

7.  Monkeys raised by artificial mothers were terror-stricken when placed in strange situations without their surrogate mothers.

8.  Put infants into a “strange” room with mother, then mother leaves  Look for infants response to being left in strange room with and without at strange person and response to being reunited.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5IjfcK3a_Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5IjfcK3a_Y

9.  1. secure (66%) – confidently explore, easily comforted when parent gets back  2. avoidant (21%) – do not go back to parents for comfort  3. anxious/ambivalent (12%) – won’t explore, show extreme stress when parent leaves, resist comfort

10. 1. Baby’s Temperament a factor?  Are some babies more anxious by nature? 2. Studies biased – conducted when mothers were primary caregivers 3. Are “wire mothers” to blame for anxious or maladjusted kids?

11. Pages 103-107

12.  A sense of one’s identity and self worth  Self as individual noticeable when child knows “me” in mirror

13.  Parents rated on warmth, responsiveness to child’s needs, and ability to demand high standards  Correlates with child’s self concept  4 types

14.  Impose rules and expect obedience.  Little warmth “Why, because I said so!!!!”

15.  Parents submit to their children’s desires, make few demands and use little punishment.

16.  Set high standards and exerts control  Warm and responsive  Praise more than punish

17.  Uninvolved  Physically or mentally unavailable to child

19.  Individualistic vs Collectivist cultures  Emphasis on independence and self esteem vs traditions and respect  Is physical punishment cultural?

20.  What comes to mind when you think “baby girl” or “baby boy?”  What is great about being a girl? About being a boy?  Where does our gender identity come from?

21.  Acquisition of behaviors and characteristics that a culture considers to be gender appropriate

22.  Obvious biological differences  Women = larger corpus callosums

23.  Learn how to be “feminine” and “masculine” through observing, imitating, and rewards and punishments  “Boys don’t cry”  “Girls act like ladies at the dinner table”

24.  Concept of gender formed over time through experiences  Automatic associations