1. Draft Guidelines on Best Available Techniques (BAT) and Best Environmental Practices (BEP) Dale Evarts BAT/BEP Expert Group Stockholm Convention: Regional Consultation on Draft BAT/BEP Guidelines Buenos Aires, Argentina March 14-16, 2005 Stockholm Convention: Regional Consultation on Draft BAT/BEP Guidelines Buenos Aires, Argentina March 14-16, 2005

2. Article 5, Annex C Unintentionally Produced POPs (f urans, dioxins, HCB and PCB) To reduce To reduce releases Develop an action plan to identify, characterize and address release of chemicals in annex C within 2 years after the entry into force of the Convention integrate the the NIP integrate the action plan into the NIP evaluate current and projected releases, including sources inventories and releases estimates evaluate laws and policies deve develop strategies develop steps to promote education and training integrate reviews of strategies and their success, include reviews into reports under Art. 15 develop implementation schedule for the plan

3. Identify existing sources within categories in Part II and such as those in Part III of Annex C Promote the use of BAT and BEP for these categories identify source categories warranting use of BAT Promote use of BEP for identified categories Identify all new sources (as defined in Art. 5.f.vi) Promote and require use of BAT to new sources within those categories which are identified as warranting use of BAT. Focus on categories in Part II of Annex C Promote use of BAT and BEP to all other new sources (within categories such as listed in Part III of Annex C and those not identified as warranting use of BAT) Phase in use of BAT for new sources within categories in Part II of Annex C no later than 4 years after the entry into force of the Convention. Article 5, Annex C Unintentionally Produced POPs (furans, dioxins, HCB and PCB) (continued)

4. Promote measures of release reduction Promote and/or require use of substitutes (take into account guidance in Annex C) Develop strategies for identifying products and articles in use and wastes consisting of, containing or contaminated with chemicals in Annex C (6.1.a.ii). Endeavor to develop strategies for identifying sites contaminated by chemicals in Annex C. If ongoing remediation - shall be in an environmentally sound (6.1.e) Article 5, Annex C Unintentionally Produced POPs (furans, dioxins, HCB and PCB) (continued)

5. Structure of the Draft Guidelines Section I - introduction –purpose and structure of the document; –description of the characteristics of chemicals listed in Annex C; –directly relevant provisions of the Stockholm Convention, Article 5 and Annex C; –a summary of required measures under these provisions; and –relationship of these provisions to the Basel Convention

6. Section II – Alternatives –provides guidance on consideration of alternatives, including: a checklist that may be used in applying best available techniques to new sources, and information on other considerations of the Stockholm Convention (health, safety, environmental, social and economic, Annex C); Structure of the Draft Guidelines

7. Section III - general guidance, applicable principles and descriptions of considerations that cut across multiple source categories Section IV - compilation of the summaries provided for each category of sources in sections V and VI. Structure of the Draft Guidelines

8. Sections V & VI - contain specific guidelines for each source category listed in Part II and Part III of Annex C of the Stockholm Convention. For each of the source-specific guidelines, the following information is provided: –Process description; –Sources of chemicals listed in Annex C; –Primary and secondary measures; –Performance standards; –Performance reporting Structure of the Draft Guidelines

9. References and bibliographic information: –Provided at the end of each section of the guidelines –The complete list of references and bibliographic information for the guidelines and guidance will be available at: www.pops.int. www.pops.int –This site can be updated as relevant new information becomes available. Structure of the Draft Guidelines

10. Section I Relation to the Basel Convention The Basel Convention is the one other global agreement directly relevant to the application of BAT and BEP in the control of the chemicals listed in Stockholm Annex C Stockholm Article 6 – Stockpiles and wastes The Basel COP has developed guidance for use by the Stockholm COP in determining the best waste practices for POPs

11. Section II Alternatives Provides guidance on the consideration of alternatives under circumstances requiring the use of best available techniques for new sources Identifies elements of environmental, health, safety and socio- economic considerations including: –Reviewing the proposed new facility in the context of sustainable development –Identifying possible and available alternatives –Undertaking a comparative evaluation of both the proposed and identified possible and available alternatives –Providing priority consideration Article 5 and Annex C of the Stockholm Convention, when considered together, suggest that whenever Parties require the use of best available techniques for new sources, they should do so in a way that gives priority consideration to alternative processes, techniques or practices that have similar usefulness but which avoid formation and release of the listed chemicals.

12. Section II Alternatives Keep in mind the overall sustainable development context, and they should take fully into account environmental, health, safety and socio-economic factors. Elements include: –Review the proposed new facility in the context of sustainable development –Identify possible and available alternatives –Undertake a comparative evaluation of both the proposed and identified possible and available alternatives –Priority consideration

13. Section III – Guidance, General Principles, and Cross-Cutting Considerations General considerations: –Timing, action plans & NIPs Policy, legal and governance issues: –Country specificity –Types of measures Scientific and technical issues –BAT and BEP will advance with time Economic and social implications –Economic and social factors will be important determinants of BAT/BEP New versus existing sources –Phase in of requirements for new sources –Promotion of BAT/BEP for existing sources Guidance

14. Section III – Guidance, General Principles, and Cross-Cutting Considerations General Principles Sustainable development.Sustainable development. Sustainable consumption.Sustainable consumption. Development and implementation of environmental management systems.Development and implementation of environmental management systems. Precautionary approach.Precautionary approach. Internalizing environmental costs and polluter pays.Internalizing environmental costs and polluter pays. Pollution prevention.Pollution prevention. Integrated pollution prevention and control.Integrated pollution prevention and control. Co-benefits of controlling other pollutants.Co-benefits of controlling other pollutants. Cleaner production.Cleaner production. Life cycle analysis.Life cycle analysis. Life cycle management.Life cycle management. Virtual elimination.Virtual elimination.

15. Cross-cutting Considerations Chemicals listed in Annex C: Formation mechanisms –Thermal processes –Industrial-chemical processes Waste management considerations include –Reference to waste & hazardous waste strategies of the Basel Convention –Importance of source reduction –Avoidance of open burning Section III – Guidance, General Principles, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

16. Cross-cutting Considerations (continued) Management of flue gases –Flue gas treatment techniques –Treatment of flue gas residues Training of decision makers and technical personnel –Importance recognised in Convention –Particularly relevant to BAT/BEP issue Testing, monitoring and reporting of releases –Important for evaluation of compliance Section III – Guidance, General Principles, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

17. Section IV Compilation of Summaries Each summary includes the following, as appropriate: –A brief description of the source, its purpose and the processes involved; –Potential of the source for generation of chemicals listed in Annex C of the Stockholm Convention; –Best available techniques and best environmental practices to minimize emissions of chemicals listed in Annex C; –Primary and secondary measures that may assist in reducing emissions; –Alternatives, where applicable, to current processes and practices; –Achievable performance levels.

18. Section V Guidelines for Part II Categories Waste incinerators –Municipal solid waste, hazardous waste & sewage sludge –Medical waste Cement kilns firing hazardous waste Production of pulp using elemental chlorine or chemicals generating elemental chlorine Thermal processes in the metallurgical industry –Secondary copper production –Sinter plants in the iron & steel industry –Secondary aluminium production –Secondary zinc production

19. Section VI Guidelines for Part III Categories Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites Thermal processes in the metallurgical industry not mentioned in Annex C, Part II: –Secondary lead production –Primary aluminium production –Magnesium production –Secondary steel production –Primary base metals production Residential combustion sources Fossil fuel-fired utility and industrial boilers Firing installations for wood and other biomass fuels Specific chemical production processes releasing chemicals listed in Annex C Crematoria Motor vehicles, particularly those burning leaded gasoline Destruction of animal carcasses Textile and leather dyeing and finishing Shredder plants for the treatment of end-of-life vehicles Smouldering of copper cables Waste oil refineries