1. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Wiring (a small piece of) the world Target and interim solutions W. Warzansky Telefonica I+D

2. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Access network: target architectures From conclusions of former EURESCOM work, later adopted by FSAN, it is considered that the access network target architecture for broadband interactive services in residential areas is ATM-PON with ATM-PP as a variety. Full PON specification is now available (ITU-T G.983)

3. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Present situation ATM-PON/PP deployment has not started, mainly because there is not yet a significant market for broadband interactive services. But there are already many access networks with a real, or latent, broadband capability: -Plain copper (POTS) -Fibre access networks (active and passive) -HFC

4. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Evolution paths towards B-ISDN access networks EURESCOM (P-614) has performed a study of possible (recommended) evolution paths from existing access networks towards ATM-PON/PP, with the aim of determining the possible reutilization of part of the existing access infrastructure.

5. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Evolutionary paths From HFC to ATM-PON From existing fibre to ATM-PON/PP From existing copper to ATM-PON From existing copper to ATM-PON through LMDS... and also, some interim solutions

6. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 From HFC to ATM-PON: step 1

7. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Step 1: use of cable modems Deployment of cable modems and return path amplifiers Penetration level it can satisfy: around 1% Price tag: 670 Euro/user connected

8. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Step 2: B-ISDN ONUs and coax reuse

9. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Step 2: B-ISDN ONUs and coax reuse Deployment of B-ISDN ONUs and NTs with coax line cards, combiners and return amplifiers (e.g., 620-860 MHz). ONUs fed by spare fibres or WDM Penetration level it can satisfy: up to 10% Price tag: 1150 Euros/user connected @penetration of 10%

10. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Step 3: Enhancement of coax drop Upgrade of coax drop by replacing junction and distribution boxes. Deployment of extended band return amplifiers (e.g. 1-2 GHz). Price tag: increment from step 2 of 162 Euros/user connected.

11. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 From existing fibre to ATM-PON/PP Existing active fibre access networks are not standardised. There are many proprietary solutions deployed. Three starting situations have been considered: -PDH based active optical networks -SDH based active optical networks -Narrow band passive optical network

12. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Example of SDH based AON

13. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Evolution paths for fibre based ON NB-PONs evolve naturally to ATM-PONs The recommended evolution of PDH AONs is to overlay an ATM-PP. Evolution to SDH is very expensive. For SDH based AONs: -Add B-ONU to N-ONU. Provide ADSL interfaces -Overlay ATM-PP to ADMs

14. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Enhanced SDH based AON ATM STM-1 POTS MUX ISDN II xDSL ATM MUX ATM NT xDSL ONU-B ONU-N SNIs STM-1 OLT-B OLT-N UNIs Combined ONU n x 2Mbit/s Terminal multiplexer

15. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 From existing copper to ATM xDSL from the exchange is NOT a long term solution -The bandwidth achievable in copper links is low (probability of provision 15%) -Noise from HDB3 (and others) -Copper OAM costs are on the rising -Very long payback time for new installation cables -For high penetrations xDSL is more expensive than fibre -Small number of DSL lines per cable

16. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Step 1 (900 Euros/client)

17. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 From copper to ATM: Step 2 Option 1: Overlay ATM-PON for BB services Price: 1150 Euros/client @10% penetration Option 2: Integrate NB and BB transport -Implement V5.x protocols in the ONU and use AAL1 for transparent transport of 2 Mbit/s frames to NB switch -Implement AAL2 at the ONU Efficient bandwidth usage through VBR Supports voice compression Multiple voice channels on a single ATM connections -Price: add 700 Euro/client @10% penetration

18. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 From copper to ATM: step 3 The third step is to go all the way to ATM-PON with fibre deeper into the network and ONUs closer to the customer than in step 1 Price: 1300 Euros/client @10% penetration

19. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 LMDS as an intermediate solution Starting situation: existing copper First step: LMDS Second step: augmenting LMDS Third step: ATM-PON The advantages of LMDS are those of wireless systems

20. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998

21. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 LMDS cost @10% penetration

22. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Interim solutions Set of unconventional systems to deliver somewhat more than NB but less than BB (e.g., 200- 1000 Kbit/s) Some of these “interim solutions” look at circumventing the existing fixed access infrastructure,..., and the incumbent operator

23. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Reflections on interim solutions Most of these “interim solutions” looks dubious, at least now. Consequently, we heartily recommend them to new entrant operators, though it seems unlikely they will follow the recommendation. It seems advisable to keep an eye on these solutions, because you never know what might turn up

24. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Low-cost XDSL implementations ADSL -wide variety of implementations and vendors -HDSL (1- or 2-pairs) as symmetric counterpart -medium/high maturity, medium cost, service limitations -mostly rate adaptive and ATM based! -provide both ATM and ATM interfaces -typically PPP over AAL5 CDSL (DSL lite) -widely discussed, little known -uncertain maturity, low cost, major service limitations -probably IP based

25. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Example 1: Netspeed, key: modem sharing

26. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Example 2: Paradyne, point-to-multipoint

27. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Example: CAIS system

28. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Powerlines Widely discussed, little proven, possibly expensive IP based, to overcome noise problems Further concerns -security aspects: maintenance of 240 V lines is dangerous; -privacy aspects: it is a physical bus, everybody receive everything (like in HFC networks); -electromagnetic emission: possible noises produced by powerline systems affecting other electric devices (e.g. complaints from HiFi users); -regulatory aspects: e.g. ownership of the lines.

29. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Example: Nortel/Norweb approach

30. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Conclusions (I) The residential broadband interactive services market has not yet arrived. One of the reasons for this (among others) is the high capital investment required, in an environment where capital investment goes to acquisitions and home networks are under intensive pressure to reduce costs.

31. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Conclusions (II) Once way to reduce capital investment is to reuse existing access infrastructure as much as possible. EURESCOM has done this, studying how existing access networks can be made to evolve gracefully to ATM-PON, the already identified target access network.

32. TRIBAN Workshop Bern, 17-19 November 1998 Conclusions (III) Another activity performed by EURESCOM is the keeping of an eye on new or “interim” solutions, some of them a bit weird, because it might happen that one of them might strike the right combination of price/market demand