1. The Pax Romana Ancient Rome Unit http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=60907

2. Causes for Decline of the Roman Republic After Roman Republic begins policy of imperialism, which quickly leads to decline. After Roman Republic begins policy of imperialism, which quickly leads to decline. –What is imperialism? characterizing the rule or authority of a sovereign state over its dependencies. characterizing the rule or authority of a sovereign state over its dependencies. –What wars do you believe would have started this? After the Punic Wars, the Republic is consumed by civil war. After the Punic Wars, the Republic is consumed by civil war. –Factors are described in the FALLS Mnemonic that we just learned. –Leads to chaos, corruption, and end of Republic.

3. F all related to the new pressures of new social and economic conditions. Political leaders often resorted to violence to solve problems instead of compromise. Political leaders often resorted to violence to solve problems instead of compromise. http://www.ancientworlds.net/aworlds_media/ibase_1/00/04/06/00040687_000.gif

4. A huge migration of small farmers into cities = no jobs

5. L ots of slaves from newly conquered territories By the fall of the Republic, between 1 & 3 million people living in Rome were slaves. (~35% of population!!) By the fall of the Republic, between 1 & 3 million people living in Rome were slaves. (~35% of population!!) Slave rebellions in places like Sicily (led by Spartacus) led to grain shortages and chaos. Slave rebellions in places like Sicily (led by Spartacus) led to grain shortages and chaos. http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlt on/Rome_Reading_1.html

6. L oss of value of Roman money, inflation

7. S park = Death of Julius Caesar and the fighting over his heir (44 B.C.) Julius Caesar took power as part of the First Triumvirate (a group of three leaders). Julius Caesar took power as part of the First Triumvirate (a group of three leaders). Caesar wrestled power away from the other two leaders and in 49 B.C. became the dictator of Rome. Caesar wrestled power away from the other two leaders and in 49 B.C. became the dictator of Rome. Many Senators, led by Brutus, felt he was too powerful and conspired to kill him. Many Senators, led by Brutus, felt he was too powerful and conspired to kill him. On March 15, 44 B.C. (The “ides” of March), Caesar is ambushed and killed by members of the Senate. On March 15, 44 B.C. (The “ides” of March), Caesar is ambushed and killed by members of the Senate. http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Rome_Reading_1.html

8. Who is Julius Caesar? 60 BC First Triumvirate (have to remember this term!) takes control – group of three that rule. 60 BC First Triumvirate (have to remember this term!) takes control – group of three that rule. Julius Caesar is one of the three Julius Caesar is one of the three After a few years, other two die; one dies, one murdered. After a few years, other two die; one dies, one murdered. Caesar gains control, named dictator for life. Caesar gains control, named dictator for life. People afraid he would gain too much power People afraid he would gain too much power So what do they do? So what do they do?

9. Death to Caesar 60 senators plot to kill him 60 senators plot to kill him Stabbed to death on the Ides of March in the Senate. Stabbed to death on the Ides of March in the Senate. Does he have a clear heir? Does he have a clear heir?

10. Video Clip While watching this video, identify the following two people. While watching this video, identify the following two people. –Mark Anthony –Octavian Augustus

11. The Pax Romana “Roman Peace” (27 B.C.-180 A.D.) So to review: So to review: –Caesar dies 44 B.C. –Augustus is in Caesar’s will, Marc Anthony is angry. –They fight, then cooperate, with Marc Anthony ruling in the East and Augustus in the West. –Augustus gains total control in 31 BC after defeating Anthony and Cleopatra– becomes 1 st Roman Emperor. –27 B.C. – Augustus begins a series of reforms to usher in the Pax Romana. 2 nd Triumvirate!

12. The Period known as the P.A.X. Romana is remembered for three reasons.

13. P eace for Two Centuries (27 B.C. – 180 A.D.) Why? Why? –The Roman Empire was too strong and united to be challenged. –The Roman military was nearly invincible. http://fiestasiesta.co.uk/history/img/RomanLegion.jpg

14. A ugustus Caesar established the Pax Romana Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.” Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.” Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military. Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military. http://www.roman-britain.org/people/augustus.gif

15. X pansion and Solidification of Roman Empire http://www.usu.edu/ markdamen/ClasDram /images/12/25map07 paxromana.jpg

16. Reflection We just defined the characteristics of the Pax Romana (PAX). What are some things that Augustus probably did to create the Pax Romana? We just defined the characteristics of the Pax Romana (PAX). What are some things that Augustus probably did to create the Pax Romana?