1. Absolutism in Russia

2. EQ 3: Who were the great absolute rulers of Russia and what did they accomplish? Key Terms: “Time of Troubles”, boyars, Romanov, Ivan IV, Peter the Great, “Window to the West”, Great Northern War, Catherine the Great

3. Time of Troubles Decades of civil war, turmoil Boyars—Russian nobles; fighting for control of the throne Death, destruction, famine, disease

4. Ivan IV First czar (emperor of Russia) died w/o heir Killed own son in heated argument Nicknamed Ivan the Terrible

5. Romanov Dynasty Came to power after Time of Troubles Ruled Russia 1613 – 1917 Established absolute monarchy in Russia

7. Peter the Great—Political Power Goal to westernize Russia, went on 18- month tour of W. Europe, learned shipbuilding, W. Europe culture Great Northern War, 1700 – 1721—war w/ Sweden to gain land along Baltic Sea; wanted water access to W. Europe St. Petersburg—new capital of Russia built along Baltic Sea; nicknamed “Window to the West”

8. Peter the Great—Social Power Forced all boyars to move to new capital Boyars also required to serve in govt. or military

9. Peter the Great—Economic Power Financed construction of St. Petersburg w/o borrowing $ from foreign powers Adopted western policy of mercantilism Rapid industrialization, ↑ # of factories, 13 to 200

10. Peter the Great—Cultural Power Placed Orthodox Church under govt. control Used Church $ to finance war & expansion Melted Church bells to make weapons Forced boyars to wear western attire, western clothes, men had to cut off beards or pay a tax Started schools, simplified alphabet, modernized Russian calendar Started 1st Russian newspaper to spread western ideas

11. Catherine the Great, 1762 – 1796

12. Background Prussian princess, married Peter III (heir to throne) at age 15 Peter died 1762, Catherine became czarina

13. Political Power Brought golden age in Russia Expanded empire to greatest size Waged war, got land along Baltic & Black Seas

14. MAP CATHERINE”S EMPIRE