1. The Onset of War History 104 / March 25, 2013

2. France: the Dreyfus affair 1894: Captain Alfred Dreyfus convicted of espionage by military tribunal 1898: evidence of Dreyfus’s innocence discovered

3. 1898: France divided into two camps

4. Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) The Jewish State: Attempt at a modern solution to the Jewish Question (1896)

5. Germany: the phenomenal growth of the SPD Attention! Voters, observe! What is Social Democracy fighting for? -freedom of the press -cheap meat, cheap bread -eliminating indirect taxes -eliminating exploitation and class domination What are its opponents for? -expensive bread and meat -new naval and colonial burdens -maintaining exploitation (1912 election poster)

6. Nicholas II Tsar of Russia, 1894-1917

7. Russia’s near-revolution in 1905: “bloody Sunday”

8. Austria- Hungary: inter-ethnic strife

9. As the Ottoman Empire fades… Austria & Russia compete for influence among the successor states The Balkans in 1878The Balkans in 1913

10. Wilhelm II Emperor (Kaiser) of Germany, 1888-1918

11. HMS Dreadnought (completed 1906)

12. The “Triple Entente”  France and Russia draw closer together  Britain makes it a triple entente, 1907

14. Germany’s Schlieffen Plan

15. Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914) Heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire

17. Franz Ferdinand’s fateful visit to Sarajevo, June 28, 1914