1. The Union Dissolves
Chapter 8, Section 3

2. Main Idea
All attempts at compromise between the North & South failed. Miserably.
The outcome of the Election of triggers secession and the first shots of the Civil War

3. Republicans denounce John Brown as a vigilante
Setting the Stage
Republicans denounce John Brown as a vigilante
Southerners blame the Republicans for John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry
South: If John Brown opposes slavery, and the Republicans oppose slavery, then they worked together (a + b = c??)
Atlanta Newspaper “anyone who doesn’t believe African slavery is a blessing is an enemy to the institution of the South”

5. The Democrats Split Northern Dems support popular sovereignty
Southern Dems uphold Dred Scott decision
create a federal slave code for territories
Northern Dems nominated Stephen Douglas
Southern Dems nominated John C. Breckenridge
Current V.P.; agreed to endorse federal slave code
Split in Democrats greatly improved Republican chances of winning the Presidency
Southern radicals hoped Republicans won so the South would secede

7. Constitutional Union Party
Many former Whigs were alarmed at the rising danger to the Union
Nominated John Bell
Former Tennessee Senator
Platform uphold the Constitution AND the Union
Appease both North & South…
…or they had no “backbone”

8. Abraham Lincoln is Nominated
Republicans had to sweep all Northern states to win the presidency
Lincoln VERY popular after Lincoln-Douglas debates
Campaign
John Brown was mindless murderer
Southern states had right to preserve slavery
Transcontinental RR!!
Higher tariffs (remember these?)

9. Election of 1860 Democratic vote was split (obvi.)
Douglas least amount of electoral votes but 2nd most popular votes
Breckenridge 2nd most electoral votes
Lincoln won w/ 180 electoral votes
Most popular votes (40%)
Won every Northern state outright except…
…New Jersey North voted Rep.; South voted Dem.

10. Secession Begins
Southerners Lincoln’s election was a victory for abolitionists
Believed secession was only way to save the South
a tradition of American Revolution
South Carolina 1st to secede on February 1, 1861
Remaining Lower South soon followed Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, & Texas
Secession states seized all federal property within their borders mints, forts, & arsenals
Only Fort Sumter (S.C.) & Fort Pickens (FL) remained under Federal control

12. Crittenden’s Compromise
Many members of Congress were still willing to compromise to avoid civil war
John J. Crittenden (KY) proposed amendments to Constitution
Guarantee slavery where it already existed
Reinstate Missouri Compromise line (36’30) extended to California border
Lincoln asked Republicans to stand firm
Compromise voted down

13. Born in the C.S.A
Secession states hold a convention & declare themselves the Confederate States of America
Elected Jefferson Davis as 1st President
Former senator from Mississippi
Inaugural address declared desire for war
Drafted a constitution based on US but…
Guaranteed slavery in Confederate territory
Banned importation of slaves from another countries
No protective tariffs
Presidency= single, 6-year term

15. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address
Repeated commitment not to interfere w/ slavery in the South
Intended to occupy & possess all federal property in the rebelling states
Continued to enforce federal laws & deliver mail
Hoped for a peaceful resolution, but would not accept the southern states seceding

17. Fort Sumter Falls
Lincoln informed the South that he was preparing to resupply Fort Sumter by ship
Jefferson Davis planned to capture the fort before the resupply ships came & demanded its surrender
Fort’s commander, Major Robert Anderson, refused
April 12, 1861 Confederates bombarded the fort for 33 hours until Union forces finally surrendered
No one was killed
The Civil War had begun

21. This Means War NORTH: SOUTH:
News of attack stirs widespread nationalism
Lincoln asked for 75,000 volunteers
More men turned out than could be equipped
SOUTH:
Davis asked for 100,000 volunteers
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, & Arkansas also secede
Upper South did not want to leave Union, but did not want to fight their Lower South brethren

23. Hanging onto: Maryland
If Maryland seceded Washington DC would be surrounded by Confederate territory
Baltimore, MD pro-secession mobs attacked federal troops
Lincoln imposed martial law on state
Military-controlled gov’t limited civil rights
Secessionists could be arrested & held w/o trial
Maryland never seceded

25. Hanging Onto: Kentucky
Kentucky divided over seceding
Ohio River = strategically important
Sept. 1861 Confederate occupation angered many Kentuckians
Officially remained neutral throughout war
Pro-Confederate Kentuckians form a rival gov’t & vote to secede
Capital Bowling Green

26. Hanging Onto: Missouri
Most citizens are pro-Confederacy
State convention unanimously votes AGAINST secession
Violent struggle broke out between convention delegates & pro-secession forces
Lincoln sent in federal troops & preserved Missouri for the Union
Lincoln willing to take constitutional risks to save the Union
See: Maryland, martial law