1. Strategies of the Civil War

2. Focus Question How should a country best prepare for war?

3. Election of Lincoln spurred Secession In December 1860, South Carolina seceded  Followed swiftly by six states in the Deep South  Formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America (CSA)  Elected Jefferson Davis President  Formed a government  Formed an army

4. Breakdown of the Union Military commanders in the South turned over U.S. forts and arsenals to Southern forces  Allowed growth of the Confederate Army  Left the Union weak in the South By April 1861, the Union held three forts in the South

5. Fort Sumter Fort Sumter commanded Charleston Harbor  CSA determined to have it  Lincoln determined to hold it Lincoln decided to send supplies to Fort Sumter  Informed Confederates of his intent  Ships fired upon and withdrew Fort Sumter bombarded, April 12, 1861 “And the war began”

6. Lincoln called for volunteers Called for 75,000 men to put down the rebellion Suspended habeas corpus in Maryland Four states of the Upper South seceded

7. First Battle of Bull Run Both sides thought “One Big Battle” would end the war Met in Northern Virginia on July 21, 1861  Southerners proved victorious Both sides hunkered down for a long war

8. Strategies of the War Union Plan Anaconda Plan  Designed by Winfield Scott 1. Blockade the South 2. Seize control of the Mississippi 3. Capture Richmond

10. Strategies of the War Southern Plan “Active Defense” 1. Defend Southern territory 2. Active when holding the advantage 3. Encourage foreign support Prolong the War

11. Results Northern strategy and economy defeated the South  Union able to set the pace of the war  Union used its superior economy to defeat the South War effectively ends on April 9, 1865 with the surrender at Appomattox Court House