2.  Fighting during the Civil war took place in three major areas, the East, the West and at Sea

3.  Planned to blockade southern ports › To cut off the South’s supply of manufactured goods by halting its trade with Europe  In the west the Union planned to seize control of the Mississippi River › Keep the South from using the river to supply its troops  Separate Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana from the rest of the Confederacy

4.  In the East Union generals wanted to seize Richmond, Virginia and capture the confederate headquarters.

5.  The confederate army would stay at home and fight a defensive war › Northerners would tire of fighting › Lincoln would have to give up the effort to bring the South back into the Union

6.  Counted on European money and supplies to help fight the war › Cotton was important to textile mills in England and other countries  Confederate thought European nations would recognize the South as an independent nation and continue buying southern cotton

7. A clash of untrained troops  Responding to public pressure Lincoln launched an attack on Richmond Virginia › Union troops clashed with the Confederates near a small stream called Bull Run in Virginia

8.  Hundreds of Washingtonians rode out to watch the battle, many with picnic baskets › Spectators were disappointed to see southern troops did not turn and run like expected › General Thomas Jackson held his ground like a “stone wall”  From then he was know as Stone Wall Jackson

9.  Confederates did not pursue the fleeing army › Stayed behind to gather the gear thrown away by the Union troops  Battle of Bull run showed both sides that their soldiers needed training and the war would be long and bloody

10.  After the disaster at Bull Run President Lincoln appointed General George McClellan as commander of the Union army › In 6 months he transformed a mob of raw recruits into an army of untrained soldiers

11.  He was cautious › Delayed leading troops in to battle  So long so that the president snapped “ if McClellan is not using the army I should like to borrow it”

12.  Match 1862 McClellan and most of the Union army left Washington by steamboat and sailed down the Potomac River for Richmond › Inching their way toward the Confederate capital

13.  Robert E. Lee launched a series of attacks › He sent Stone Wall Jackson north to threaten Washington  This prevented Lincoln from sending the rest of the Union army to help McClellan  McClellan decide to abandon the attack and retreated

14.  Union ships had blockaded southern ports › Blockade runners slipped through the blockade bringing in everything from matches to guns

15.  The blockade became more effective › Trade through ports dropped 90% › Merrimack: Union abandoned warship that the South covered in iron plates 4 inches thick  South used it in battle against the Union navy › Monitor: Union’s own ironclads  Neither ship seriously damaged the other and both withdrew

16.  Ironclad ships changed naval warfare › Both sides rushed to build more  South never mounted a serious attack against the Union navy

17.  September 1862 General Lee took the offensive and marched troops North into Maryland › Wanted to have a victory in northern soil to hamper their morale › A Confederate messenger lost Lee’s battle plans  Two Union soldiers found them and turned them over to McClellan

18.  McClellan was slow to act › Finally attacked Lee’s main force at Antietam  In a day more than 23,000 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded  Lee withdrew troops and McClellan did not pursue them

19.  Neither side won a clear victory at the battle of Antietam › Because Lee withdrew his troops, the North claimed the victory

20.  General Ulysses S. Grant began moving toward gaining control of the Mississippi  February 1862 Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in Tennessee › Guarder two important tributaries of the Mississippi

21.  Battle of Shiloh: Grant pushed South to Shiloh located on top of the Tennessee River › Grant was surprised by Confederate forces

22. › One of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War  More Americans were killed or wounded then in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Mexican War combined

23.  April 1862 Union gunboats captured New Orleans and other boats seized Memphis, Tennessee › Union now controlled both ends of the River  South could no longer use the Mississippi

24.  The North could not safely use the river either › Confederates still held Vicksburg, Mississippi  Sat on a cliff high above the River  Canons could reach boats on the River

25.  1863 Grant’s forces tried and tried to capture Vicksburg › After 6 weeks Vicksburg finally surrendered

26.  Union had achieved two of its goals › Naval blockades cut of the South’s trade with Europe › Took control of the Mississippi River  Splitting the Confederacy in two.