2. World War One In the spring of 1914, an American named Colonel Edward House was on a visit to Europe. He quickly saw that the stories that were being told about Europe we true. Tensions among the nations were threatening the peace of Europe. Colonel House told his close friend, US President Woodrow Wilson that, “The situation is extraordinary.” A kind of madness was gripping the continent. “There is too much hatred, too many jealousies.” Not long after Col. House returned to the US, Europe exploded into war.

3. Long term Causes of World War I

4. Why Were Tensions High in Europe? Why Were Tensions High in Europe? Nationalism: excessive pride in your country. 1. Nationalism: excessive pride in your country. – The interests of your nation should come before others. – Created rivalries, mistrust and hatred between countries. (France vs. Germany) (Franco-Prussian War 1870) (France vs. Germany) (Franco-Prussian War 1870) (Russia vs. Austria-Hungary) (Pan-Slavism) (Russia vs. Austria-Hungary) (Pan-Slavism)

5. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe Parts Balkans are controlled by Austria- Hungary The “Powder Keg” of Europe Parts Balkans are controlled by Austria- Hungary

6. Austria-Hungary: One Empire From Many Nations

7. Imperialism 2. Imperialism: when a powerful country takes political or economic control of weaker countries. 2. Imperialism: when a powerful country takes political or economic control of weaker countries.  European countries competed for power in same regions (China, Africa, The Middle East & the Pacific).

9. Militarism 3.Militarism: policy of building up strong armed forces prepare for war. Strong militaries were necessary to protect national interests at home and abroad. EXAMPLE- Naval race between Germany and Britain.EXAMPLE- Naval race between Germany and Britain.

10. SMS Deutschland HMS Dreadnought

11. 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73% Militarism & Arms Race

12. Alliance Systems 4. Alliances- countries agreeing to support each other in case of war. Germany formed an alliance with Austria-Hungary (Triple Alliance).Germany formed an alliance with Austria-Hungary (Triple Alliance). France, Britain, and Russia pledged to come to one another's aid if attacked (Triple Entente).France, Britain, and Russia pledged to come to one another's aid if attacked (Triple Entente). **Any conflict between two powers would quickly involve others.**

13. Two Armed Camps Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

14. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

15. A Family Feud? Czar Nicholas II [Russia] King George V [Great Britain] Kaiser Wilhelm II [Germany]

16. Europe in 1914

17. The “Spark”

18. Immediate Cause  Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austria-Hungary throne, was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist (Gavrilo Princip). Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo Princip – Austria-Hungary accused Serbian government of supporting terrorist.

19. The Assassination: Sarajevo, Serbia

20. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Why? The objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's south-Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Greater Serbia or Yugoslavia (Pan-Slavism).

21. Road to World War I Summer of 1914  **The alliance system drew one country after another into the war**  June 28 – Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated by a Serbian terrorist.  July 28 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.  July 31 -Russia mobilizes armed forces.  August 1- Germany declares war on Russia.

22. The Road to War!  August 3 -Germany declares war on France.  August 4 -Germany invades neutral Belgium.  August 4 -Great Britain declares war on Germany.

23. Germany Mobilizes first against France ! The Schlieffen Plan

24. German Atrocities in Belgium

25. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

26. Recruitment Posters

27. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

28. New French Recruits

29. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

32. US Response to War in Europe In time, more then 20 countries became involved in the fighting. Soon after the fighting began United States President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation of “strict and impartial neutrality.”