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Russia under Mongol Rule
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Ivan the Great (r ) Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.
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Moving East Gained independence from the Mongols
Russia moved east through Siberia Valued for furs, timber, and as a penal colony
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Ivan IV (The Terrible) Continued the policy of expansion by conquest Establishing contacts in the west Increased the power of the tsar by killing many of the boyars (nobility) Cossacks – Peasant adventurers with agricultural and military skills recruited to conquer and settle in newly seized lands in southern Russia and Siberia
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“Time of Troubles” – Ivan IV leaves no heir Boyars try to regain power Try to keep out foreign invasion Ended with the selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613
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Michael Romanov (r ) Michael Romanov restored internal order, drove out the foreign invaders, and recommenced imperial expansion
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Power Struggle As the power of the tzar rose, the freedom of Russian peasants fell Legally transformed into serfs (slave) Bound to a piece of land
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Peter the Great (r ) Peter I (the Great) – Tzar from ; Abolustist Conquerer sought to change selected aspects of the economy and culture through imitation of western European models Peter the Great was an autocratic ruler Formed a Western type military force Brought the Russian Orthodox church under his control Increased the burdens of taxes and labor on the serfs
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Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War
Peter the Great wanted a port on the Baltic Sea
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Peter’s capitol moved to the Baltic city of
St. Petersburg. The bureaucracy and military were reorganized on Western principles Reduced the role of the Boyars in the government and military
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Fight Against the Ottomans
Tried to gain control of Constantinople (Istanbul) Under the pretense of protecting Christians Wanted a warm water port Unsuccessful
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Summarize: What is the significance of Peter the Great’s rule? Identify and explain at least two details in your response.
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