1. Unit II Test Review

2. Q: Sufis A: Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions Q: Golden Horde A: One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death Chinggis (aka Genghis) Khan Q: Bedouin A: Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula Q: Tatu A: Mongol capital of Yuan dynasty; present-day Beijing Q: Mamluks A: Muslim slave warriors Q: Shamanistic Religion A: Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits Q: Kiev A: Commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th century, early capital of Russia

3. Q: Mecca A: home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam. Q: Boyars A: Russian landholding aristocrats Q: Iconoclasm A: The breaking of images Q: Islamic empire that made were successful due to the use of gunpowder A: Ottoman Empire Q: Chief characteristic of the Islamic empire from 1000-1400 A: Political unity

4. Q: Empire that created the Justinian Code, Hagia Sophia and Hippodrome A: Byzantine Empire Q: Janissaries A: Ottoman soldiers Q: Period after the death of Mohammad was ruled by a A: Caliph of disciple of Mohammad Q: Significance of Marco Polo A: Lead to trade between Europe and Asia Q: Generals cooperated w/ governors in administration of local law A: Theme system

5. Q: Domestic problem in the Byzantine Empire A: Decline of free peasants/had to rely on wealthy Q: Spread of Chinese culture known as A: Sinicization Q: God would invest in the power of the king was the reason for A: Russia’s conversion to the Eastern Orthodox Church Q: Russia would borrow monarchy, art, architecture, and religion from A: Byzantine Empire Q: Major difference between Roman and Byzantine Empire A: Rome didn’t use a bureaucratic government

6. Q: Justinian code provided A: Standardized system of laws Q: Functional region of geography connected through A: Movement Q: Exchange of ideas, philosophy, and religion A: Cultural diffusion Q: Islamic empires gained economic prosperity by or through A: Trade Q: One of the largest cathedrals in the world (rebuilt by Justinian) A: Hagia Sophia

7. Q: Epicureans believed in pursuit of A: Pleasure Q: Inherit property, divorce, considered equal in the eyes of Allah, engage in business were the rights of A: Islamic women Q: Russia would interact with what empire A: Byzantine Q: Ottoman Empire would defeat this empire in 1453 A: Byzantine Q: City that was the center of trade between Europe and Asia A: Constantinople Q: Code that would serve as a model for European legal systems A: Justinian Code

8. Q: Holy war A: Jihad Q: Greek and Roman culture was preserved by A: The Byzantine Empire Q: Ruled by Suleiman A: Ottoman Empire Q: 1054 Christian church was split (main reason) A: Jurisdiction/who could rule where Q: Alphabet that would develop in Russia A: Cyrillic Q: Sunni and Shi’a A. Two different sects of Islam

9. Q: Nomads, from Asian plains/steppes, horseman A: Mongols Q: Educated Byzantines A: Studied Greek humanities, classics, heir to the Greeks, spoke Greek Q: Area with the largest group of cities that served as centers for advanced culture A: Arab Islamic world Q: Prophet of Allah A: Mohammad Q: Byzantine economic policy A: Wealthy couldn’t monopolize land, one currency, banks, trade (i.e. silk)

10. Q: Hirja A: Mohammad fleeing to Medina Q: Religious justification for conquest, which lead to a jihad was the reason for A: Islamic expansion/growth Q: First king of Russia A: Rurik Q: Importance of Baghdad A: Trading center in Islamic expansion Q: Tried to conquer Japan, gained complete control of China, opened up China A: Mongols

11. Q: Reason for Ottoman and Safavid difference A: Religion Q: Marco Polo would travel what trade route A: Silk road Q: Persian and Arabic were A: Predominant languages during Islamic expansion Q: Result of the Mongol invasions A: Russia become important, spread of the plague, B.E. would fall, rise of the Ottoman Empire Q: Who lead the American League in HR’s in 1951 A: Gus Zernial