1. Monarchy is RESTORED in England
Return of the King
Monarchy is RESTORED in England

2. The Merry Monarch Charles II – son of Charles I
Had fled England under Cromwell’s rule
Restoration of the House of Stuart
Meaning – a Stuart is back on the throne
Name used for the time period
Why so merry?
Loved: parties, games, arts
Supported: arts, science, entertainment, theater

3. The Merry Monarch Officially: Anglican Privately: prefer Catholicism
Religious Issues
Limiting Power
Officially: Anglican
Privately: prefer Catholicism
Parliament passes law: only members of Church of England (Anglican) can go to universities, serve in Parliament, hold religious services
Catholics blamed for fire in London
Petition of Rights in effect
Constitutional Monarchy – accepted by Charles II
Constitution based on: Magna Carta, Petition of Right, other laws
King has some power, but most held by Parliament

4. The Merry Monarch Charles II dies without a legitimate heir
James II (Charles’ brother) is next in line
Catholic
People fear Catholic revival
Exclusion Bill – an attempt to keep James from becoming king
Divides Parliament into 2 parties

5. New Political Parties
Whigs
Tories
Oppose James II as King
Proposing habeas corpus
Support James II as King
Defend hereditary monarchy
COMPROMISE – Tories will defeat Exclusion bill by accepting the bill for habeas corpus
-Habeas Corpus: a person cannot be held in prison without just
cause or a trial
- EXPANDS the rights of the people

6. A Bloodless Revolt
James II becomes king
Wants absolute power
Claims right to suspend the law
Ignores religious laws
Appoints Catholics to gov positions
Parliament – wait for him to die!
Has a Protestant daughter
Mary – married to William – ruler of the Netherlands
But wait! 2nd wife has a son = heir to throne and Catholic
Leaders unite and invite William to invade England and take crown
WILLIAM III AND MARY II become leaders without any bloodshed or fighting in 1689

7. Limits to Power Swear to govern according to Parliament/laws
Bill of Rights
Consent of Parliament for taxes, standing army
Parliament held often and free to debate
RIGHTS: jury trial, limit bail, appeal, free speech in Parliament, no cruel/unusual punishment
Act of Settlement (1701) – no Catholic can inherit the throne
Reaction to Irish Catholic support for James II/uprisings

8. New Monarchs 1702 – Anne (Mary’s sister)
Used a cabinet – group of advisors – to make decisions
1714 – George I (German great-grandson of James I)
Spoke English poorly
Used cabinet, especially Robert Walpole
Head of cabinet
Later called Prime Minister

9. The Georges Continue 1727 - George II 1760 – George III
Allows Prime Minister to gain more power
Avoid wars, allow colonies to grow uninterrupted
1760 – George III
Grandson of George II
Expands empire through war with France
Canada, east of Mississippi
Must raise taxes to fund war
Will cause problems in colonies