1. Europe in Crisis

2. Read 340-344  Define:  Heretics  Armada  Inflation  Identify  Elizabeth Tudor  French Religious Wars  Thirty Years War

3. Target  Determine how multiple crisis’ changed European power and politics.

4. Spain’s Conflicts  Spain views itself as a nation chosen by god.  Fought for Catholicism.  Spanish Dutch rebel against Catholicism.  England supports Dutch.  Spanish Armada is defeated.  Spain’s power is lost.

5. Elizabeth Tudor  Named the supreme leader of England.  Uses the balancing of power strategy with Spain and France.

6. Mary I (1553-1558)  Oldest daughter of King Henry VIII.  Devout Catholic.  Marries Philip II of Spain.  Wanted to restore Catholicism.  Destroy Anglican Church.  Very ruthless.  300 burnt at the stake.  Nickname was “Bloody Mary”

7. Elizabeth I (1558-1603)  Mary’s half sister. (Protestant)  No husband, no child.  Queen Mary of Scots (Closest relative and heir)  Spanish Armada (1588)  English defeat Spanish ships.  Spain no longer a threat to England.  Religious Problems  Puritans want complete separation.  Persecuted non-Anglican’s.  Relations with Parliament weaken.

8. French Wars of Religion  Persecuted protestants.  Huguenots vs. Catholics  Henry IV converts to Catholicism.  Edict of Nantes  France is catholic.  Huguenots have religious rights.

9. The Thirty Years’ War  Holy Roman Empire (Catholics) vs. Protestant (Calvinists)  Becomes more of a political battle.  France fights against the HRE and Spain in order to gain territory.  Big Winners  France, Sweden, and allies.