1. FROM OPTIMIZING LAND USE TO TIME MANAGEMENT: ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT Pr. Yves Crozet Institute of Transport Economics (LET) University of Lyon - France yves.crozet@let.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr www.let.fr 3rd International Forum Shanghai 2010/09/11-13

3. Urban density and transport energy use per capita for world cities R² = 0,71

4. « Extensive » vs « intensive » cities (1) Nb of cars per 100 inhabitants Urban GDP/per C x10 US $ Surface (/square km) Population (x1000) Extensive Intensive

5. « Extensive » vs « intensive » cities (3) Modal share of public transport Modal share of car Nb of cars per 100 inhabitants Extensive Intensive

6. « Extensive » vs « intensive » cities (2) Average speed on road network (Km/h) Extensive Intensive Average daily distance (Km) Daily travel time budget (min)

7. R² = 0,36 North America R² = 0,53 Western Europe R² = 0,01 Bouvard, à partir de la base UITP « The Millenium Cities Database » 1995

8. Relationships between TTB, urban form, transportation system and emissions for European cities

9. Source: « The Millenium Cities Database » 1995

10. Urban density and transport energy use per capita for European cities

11. TTB motorized means (min) and density (persons/ha)

12. TTB motorized means (min) and Average daily distance traveled (Km)

13. TTB motorized means (min) and Average road network speed (km/h)

14. TTB motorized means (min) and overall average speed of public transport (km/h)

15. Average road network speed and and overall average speed of public transport

16. TTB motorized means (min) and share of travel by public modes

17. TTB motorized means (min) and Air Pollution – total emissions per capita (kg/pers)

18. Relationships between TTB, urban form, transportation system and emissions for European cities CitiesDensityTTB Daily distance traveled Daily distance traveled by car Daily distance traveled by public transport Average road network speed Overall average speed of public transport Share of travel by public modes Total emissions per capita Total transport energy use per capita BarcelonaHighLow Average HighLow MadridHighLow Average HighLow AmsterdamAverageLow Average Low Average (strong share bike) Low BerneAverageHigh AverageLow HelsinkiLow Average HighAverageLow LyonAverage Low Average MunichAverage HighAverageHigh Average CopenhagenLowAverageHigh AverageHigh Average FrankfurtAverage LowAverage High StockholmLowAverageHigh AverageHigh OsloLowAverageHigh Average HighLowHigh RomeAverageHigh LowAverageHigh

19. Low emissions High emissions MadridHelsinkiBerne DensityHigh 86 pers/ha TTBLow34 min DistanceLow17 km Road network speed Average 35 km/h Speed of public transport Average 24 km/h Share of travel by public modes High32% DensityAverage 44 pers/ha TTBHigh50 min DistanceHigh30 km Road network speed High 44 km/h Speed of public transport High 33 km/h Share of travel by public modes Average 21% DensityLow 33 pers/ha TTBLow37 min DistanceAverage21 km Road network speed Average 38 km/h Speed of public transport High 30 km/h Share of travel by public modes Average20% OsloRome DensityLow 24 pers/ha TTB Average 46 min DistanceHigh26 km Road network speed Average 35 km/h Speed of public transport High 31 km/h Share of travel by public modes Low15% DensityAverage 56 pers/ha TTBHigh70 min DistanceHigh30 km Road network speed Low 30 km/h Speed of public transport Average 24 km/h Share of travel by public modes High23%