1. Film History
The Beginnings

2. Inventors
Early film is a result of inventors, not artists.

3. Persistence of Vision
The ability of the brain to retain an image a split second longer than the eye actually sees it.
If we see 16 individual images in rapid succession the brain connects them to make a fluid sequence of movement.

4. Zoetrope
Circular drum with slits
creates illusion of movement
1834 *

5. Experimentation In many countries at the same time
France, Germany, England, and the U.S. all claim to have invented the movies

6. Photography
Precursor to film

7. Photography Emerges 1816 - first photographic images.
clear, sharp images on silver copperplate.
Required 15 minutes exposure time.
Only 3 minutes needed for exposure.

8. Beginning of Film
Originally, films were a series of photographs shown one after another.
The speed was too slow for continuous motion
Eadweard Muybridge
Set up 12 cameras along a track, tied strings to the shutters which were tripped as the horse ran down the track.
Created movement with photography.

9. Eadweard Muybridge **

10. George Eastman Developed celluloid film (1884)
made motion pictures possible
it was flexible
allowed light to pass through
was durable (it didn’t break in projector)

11. First American Motion Picture (1889)
Thomas Edison and William Dickson filmed a sneeze *

12. Edison’s Kinetoscope 1889 in parlors
dancing, juggling, wonders of the world, some re-enactments
Open
Closed

13. Kinetoscope for individual audiences
Edison did not see future in mass projection
But contributed: sprocket holes on film, first movie studio

14. Lumière Brothers 1895 Worked on Edison’s Kinetoscope
Designed their own machine within a year
Solved projection for mass audiences

15. Cinematographe Machine shot the pictures, printed, and projected them.
The camera was portable.
A hand crank provided the power.

16. December 28, 1895 First theater opens to the paying public
Basement of a Paris café.
Lumières’ shows:
Workers leaving the Lumière Factory.
Arrival at Lyon.
A Baby’s Meal.

17. Georges Melies One of the first to see Lumières in Paris
Saw opportunity
Set up Europe’s first film
studio in 1897
- with artificially-arranged scenes
Show video*

18. Le Voyage Dans la Lune 1902 - Voyage/Trip to the Moon
Pioneer of illusion and fantasy:
trick photography
dissolves
wipes
stop-motion, slow-motion
and fadeouts

19. Pixar Zoetrope