1. Appendicular Skeleton

2. Girdles Pelvic Pectoral Limbs Concentrate on Tetrapod Limbs

3. Fig. 9.4

4. Tetrapod Limb Typical 4 limbs Primarily a modification of the Rhipidistian fin wings paddles Lost 2 Lost 4 Modified elements

5. Recall: V p = V g + V e + V gxe V = variation p = phenotypic g = genotypic e = environmental Morphology (anatomy) Behavior & Performance Resource use (ecology) Fitness

6. Three main components With respect to the pectoral and pelvic girdles: –Serially homologous – 1.Propodium (= stylopodium) – upper arm, upper leg 2.Epipodium (= zeugopodium) – forearm, shin 3.Autopodium – manus or pes (digits, and wrist and palm, or ankle and sole

7. Drawings of fore and hind limbs

9. Fig. 9.12

10. Focus 9.2