1. Katheryn M. Junglas, MSU Department of Biology Minot ND, 58707 Rana pipiens Malformation Assessment

2. Range

3. Range in North Dakota Taken from Hoberg and Gause,

4. Deformed Frog sites

5. North Dakota Malformations USGS- NWHC Information Report2001

6. Tadpoles development

7. Normal Bone Structure

8. Other Deformities

9. X-Ray of Bone Structure

10. Extra Limbs

11. Deformed leg structures

12. False elbow and Double bones

13. No Regression of tail

14. Missing the Right eye

15. Salamander from our lab

16. Possible causes for deformities UV-B Radiation Chemical Agents Parasites -Ribeiroia -Alaria Interactions

17. Sexing frogs (female)

18. Sexing frogs (male) Hayes (2002)

19. Hermaphroditic frog

20. Atrazine effects-normal histology- female

21. Atrazine-normal male

22. Atrazine-ovateste

23. Habitat

26. Finding Tadpoles

27. Tadpole

28. Normal Bone Structure

29. Measuring

32. Statistics No significant difference in male and females No Significant difference in lengths between sites Healthy Ratio of Males to females 13:20

33. Sexing animals (males)

34. Assessment No deformities were found Mean of Female juvenile length- 42.2 mm Mean of Male juvenile length- 41.4 mm Mass of Gonads- in progress Skeletal development- so far good development of skeleton and cartilage

35. Why We Should Continue to Observe Small sample size Teratogens and carcinogens in other organisms Since no malformations yet, we can analyze what is or isn’t here, and the sooner we notice something, the easier to find out what that is. Frogs are Cool!

36. Acknowledgements Dr. Christopher Beachy at Minot State Dr. Cory Rubin, Project Manager Assistant Regional Director Richard A. Coleman All the staff at Upper Souris Wildlife Refuge Fish-Wildlife Service Cost Share Agreement, grant #62680-4-J001 Minot State University, Division of Biology