1. BONES of UPPER LIMB.

2. OBJECTIVES Skeleton definition and functions specially bones.
Brief review of classification of bones.
Common land marks or features of bones.
Individual features of Upper limbs bones

3. SKELETON Skeleton system consist of several types of tissue
Cartilage( connective tissue semi rigid)
Bones (rigid type of connective tissue)
The Skelton (Bones) provides
Protection
Locomotion
Storage of (Minerals)
Synthesis of blood (from bone marrow)

6. Classification of Bones
BONES MAY BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO
REGION. (Appendicular and Axial )
SHAPE. (Long ,Short ,Irregular, Flat and Sesamoid)
DEVELOPMENTAL (Cartilaginous and Membranous)
STRUCTURAL ( Spongy and Compact)

7. APPENDICULAR SKELETON
SHOULDER GIRDLES
Clavicle 2
Scapula
UPPER EXTREMITIES
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals 16
Metacarpals 10
Phalanges 28
PELVIC GIRDLE
Hip bone
LOWER EXTREMITIES
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsals 14
Metatarsals
phalenges

8. AXIAL SKELETON. SKULL Cranium 8 Face 14 Auditory ossicles 6 28 Hyoid 1
Vertebrae (including sacrum and coccyx)
Cervical 7 ,thorax 12 and lumbar 5 26
Sternum
Ribs 24

10. Classification According to shape.
Long eg, Clavicle Humerus Radius Ulna.
Femur Tibia Fibula.
Short eg, Hand and Foot bones.
Irregular eg, Vertebrae , Hip bones .
Flat eg, Scapula Sternum Skull.
Sesamoid eg, Patella and Pisiform.

11. EACH LONG BONES HAS Epiphysis Diaphyis. Metaphysis.
Epiphysial plat. Is a Cartilage present in between the diaphysis Epiphysis .
Bone

12. Epiphysis.
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

13. COMMON FEATURES OF THE BONES
Condyles: Rounded Knuckle Like Area
Crest: Thick border
Epicondyle: eminence superior to condyle
Facet: a smooth flat area usually covered with cartilage where bone articulates with another bone.
Grove: elongated depression
Head: a large rounded end makes the articulation
Tubercle: a small rounded elevation
Tuberosity : a large rounded elevation

14. THE CLAVICLE Is the long bone lying in horizontally connects the
upper limb with the axial
Skelton
Main features of the clavicle
Two ends medial & lateral
Two curvatures medial & lateral
Two surfaces inferior & Superior
Two borders. Anterior and posterior.

15. Clavicle

16. SCAPULA Flat triangular bone
Following are the important features
Three Borders :lateral , medial and superior.
Three Angles: Superior inferior and lateral.
Spine: Triangular in shape at the posterior surface of scapula.
Acromion process projects above the glevoid cavity from the lateral side of spine.
Glenoid cavity. Pear shaped at lateral angle.
Three Fossae supraspinous , infraspinous & subscapular.
Two notches supra-scapular & spino-glenoind.
Two Surfaces. Anterior(costal) and posterior.

17. SCAPULA

18. HUMERUS Is the long bone of arm Following are main features Head:
Tubercle: Lesser and greater tubercle.
Bicipital grove: Between two tubercles.
Trochlea: Pulley shaped on lateral side of lower end .
Capitulam:On Medial side lower end
Epicondyle: lateral and medial.

20. RADIUS Is located on lateral side of forarm
Following are main features
Head (disc shape)
Neck
Tuberosity
Latereral styloid process

21. RADIUS AND ULNA.

22. ULNA Medial side bone of the fore arm
Following are the important Features.
Head (on lower side.)
Medial Styloid process
Trochlear notch
Olecranon process
Ulnar notch

24. CARPAL BONE (Eight bones)
Arranged in two rows
Proximal and Distal.
Scaphoid .
Lunate.
Triquetral.
Pisiform.
Trepezium.
Trepizoid.
Capitate.
Hamate.

26. METACARPAL Five in numbers present in the palm of the hand.
First number starts from lateral side.

27. PHALANGES. Total fourteen Two in the thumb
Three in each of the remaining fingers.