1. Feudalism, Religion, and the Crusades

5. Feudalism 476 AD- Fall of Roman Empire Feudalism- mode of production- everything produced on manor. Social structure that replaced Roman Empire. No social mobility except through church. Great Schism- split between Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. Pilgrimage – Holy journey, religious significance

7. Christianity Jesus- Jew who preached that God made a covenant with people- live a moral life and participate in the sacraments Christian- believe in 1 God has 3 parts- father, son, holy spirit. Believe Jesus is son of God Jerusalem- Holy city of all three religions

11. Islam Allah- God Mosque- Muslim house of worship Islam- means peace that comes from submission to God Muslim- one who submits to God Mohammed- God’s final prophet- Gabriel spoke to him

12. Islam 5 Pillars of Islam- 1. No God but God 2. Pray 5 times a day 3. Fast during Ramadan 4. Alms giving 5. Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca Caliph- successor to prophet- Sunni, Shi’ite

14. Causes Religious- Pope wanted to reunite Christianity and reclaim Palestine. Crusaders assured a place in heaven Economic- younger sons looking for property. Merchants expanded trade. Looting. No social mobility Geography- location of Holy Land strategically important- control of Silk Road trade

15. Crusades Crusades- wars to recapture Holy Land. From the Latin word for “Cross” 1 st Crusade- unorganized- captured Jerusalem in 1099 2 nd - attempted to recapture Edessa- defeated 1187- Saladin recaptures Jerusalem 3 rd - French, /German, English kings led Crusade. Philip went home. Fredrick drowned. Richard battled Saladin- truce 1192

17. Setting out for 2 nd Crusade

18. Images of Saladin

19. Selling the Crusades

20. Richard I

21. Fredrick of Barbarossa

22. Philip III

23. Siege of Tripoli

24. Crusades 4 th - Looted Constantinople- never made it to Holy Land Children’s Crusade- 30,000 unarmed children- many died from cold/starvation. Others drowned or were sold as slaves

25. Knights Templar

28. Effects Europeans acquired new tastes for Eastern products- increased trade Europeans were reintroduced to learning of ancient civilizations, paving the way for the Renaissance