1. Settlement

2. What is a settlement? A settlement is a place where people live permanently. This could range from a hamlet to a huge city.

3. How did it all begin? What did this area of England look like 1000 years ago?

4. Early humans were hunters and gatherers. They lived by eating fruits and berries, and hunting…

5. …which meant they were always on the move, chasing sources of food. BOAR

6. Then, one day, they noticed something amazing: where they dropped seeds, plants grew!

8. So they began to settle down in one place and grow their food. These were the first farmers. This was the start of permanent settlement.

9. Explain why settlements began 12,000 years ago! Mention the first agricultural revolution. Explain why this meant people stopped being nomadic.

10. Site and Situation The Site of a settlement is the exact location where the settlement is located. Eg. On level ground, dry land, etc. The situation of a settlement is the location of the settlement with respect to other places and features. Eg. Near to a river, north of a forest. Describe the SITE and SITUATION of this school.

11. Describe the Site and Situation of Venice.

12. Your Turn… In groups of 2 or 3… Consider the factors people would have thought important when choosing a good site and situation for their settlement. Create a star diagrams (or lists) and include both Physical Factors, and Economic Factors.

13. Factors to consider when choosing where to locate a settlement Wet-Point Site Near to fresh water for drinking, washing, or irrigation.Could be near a river or at a spring Defence On a hill, surrounded by water (island, meander or marsh). Arable Land Near to good rich soil for growing crops (arable land). Flat Relief On flat land where it is easy to build houses, roads and farm. Dry Point Site On dry land, which is not liable to flooding. Resources-wood Near to Woods/Forest for fuel, building materials and hunting/gathering Building Materials Near to stone, wood, mud which could be used for building materials Nodal Point At a route centre. Where roads/rivers meet, which encourages trade. Especially at fords and bridges. Bridging points and lowest bridging points Resources-Fish Near to the sea. For trade and a source of food Shelter Protected from cold winds Aspect South facing slopes Resources-Minerals Location at or near where valuable minerals are extracted. Oil, Coal, Gold etc.

21. ASPECT

26. The first river crossings were Fords.

35. Select the best site for a settlement

37. In groups of 4 or 5 (5 minute activity) Collect a photograph of a settlement. For your photo decide whether it is a good site for a settlement or not. Give reasons for your answer. For your photograph, suggest at least 2 reasons why you think it was chosen. Try to identify where your photograph was taken. Use the country list below. (note- there are 9 countries listed, 4 countries will not be used) Japan, Kenya, England, France, Switzerland, The Philippines, Holland, Canada, Morocco