1. I. Introduction to Acids & Bases (p. 453 - 473) Ch. 15 & 16 - Acids & Bases

2. A. Properties  electrolytes  turn litmus red  sour taste  react with metals to form H 2 gas  slippery feel  turn litmus blue  bitter taste ChemASAP  vinegar, soda, milk, apples, citrus fruits  ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda

3. B. Definitions  Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl – AcidsAcids form hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) H HHHH H Cl OO – + acid

4. B. Definitions  Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… BasesBases form hydroxide ions (OH - ) NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 + + OH - H H H H H H N NO O – + H H H H base

5. B. Definitions  Brønsted-Lowry HCl + H 2 O  Cl – + H 3 O + AcidsAcids are proton (H + ) donors. BasesBases are proton (H + ) acceptors. conjugate acid conjugate base baseacid

6. B. Definitions H 2 O + HNO 3  H 3 O + + NO 3 – CBCAAB

7. B. Definitions - can be an acid or a base.  Amphoteric - can be an acid or a base. NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 + + OH - CACBBA

8. B. Definitions F - H 2 PO 4 - H2OH2O HF H 3 PO 4 H 3 O +  Give the conjugate base for each of the following: - an acid with more than one H +  Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H +

9. B. Definitions Br - HSO 4 - CO 3 2- HBr H 2 SO 4 HCO 3 -  Give the conjugate acid for each of the following:

10. B. Definitions  Lewis AcidsAcids are electron pair acceptors. BasesBases are electron pair donors. Lewis base Lewis acid

11. C. Strength  Strong Acid/Base 100% ionized in water strong electrolyte - + HCl HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 HBr HI HClO 4 NaOH KOH Ca(OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2

12. C. Strength  Weak Acid/Base does not ionize completely weak electrolyte - + HF CH 3 COOH H 3 PO 4 H 2 CO 3 HCN NH 3

13. Strong Acid-Strong Base Neutralization  Strong Acid + Strong Base → salt + water  ex. HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H 2 O (l)  salt: (def) ionic compound composed of cation from a base and anion from an acid