2. An Introduction to Plants

3. General Characteristics of Plants  Hold up the correct number using your fingers that corresponds with the correct answer  1 = Prokaryotic2 = Eukaryotic  1 = Unicellular2 = Multicellular  1 = Sexual2 = Asexual3 = Both

4. General Characteristics of Plants  Plant cells are similar, but also different to animal cells  Turn to your partner and…  Give three ways plant cells are different from animal cells  Cell Wall  Chloroplasts  Large Vacuole

5. Plant Adaptations for Land  In order for plants to be successful on land, they needed to find a way to effectively  Obtain water & nutrients  Prevent water loss (maintain homeostasis)  Reproduce

6. Plant Adaptations for Land  Today you will work with a partner to investigate  The cells of plants  How they obtain nutrients  How they prevent water loss  How they reproduce  You will also investigate how plants are used for food and for nonfood purposes

7. The Plant Cell  1. Elodea Plant Cell  Create a wet mount slide of Elodea  Observe, draw, and label what you see on medium or high power  When you’re done, rinse off your slide & cover slip and place it back on the paper towel up front  What cell organelles should you see and label?  Cell Wall  Cell Membrane  Chloroplasts

8. Plants – Specific Characteristics  2. Investigating Plant Characteristics  Using your textbooks, you will investigate with your partner the specific characteristics of different kinds of plants (ex: reproduction, absorbing nutrients)  3. Plants used as food and non food purposes  Use your textbooks as your main source for this section  If there is extra time, use the laptops to research how we use plants for nonfood purposes

9. Whiteboard Quick Questions  What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?  Nonvascular – transports materials through osmosis and diffusion  Vascular – system of xylem & phloem to transport materials

10. Whiteboard Quick Questions  Why were seeds and flowers a huge advantage for plants adapting and surviving on land?  Plants can efficiently reproduce thanks to ways of seed dispersal and pollination

11. Whiteboard Quick Questions  The stomata and guard cells on a plant work together to efficiently prevent….  Water loss

12. Whiteboard Quick Questions  A stomate in the lower surface of the leaf has a function most similar to the function of which cell structure?  (1) cell membrane (2) vacuole(3) ribosome (4) nucleus 

13. Whiteboard Quick Questions  If only one type of tree is planted in an abandoned field, the ecosystem will  (1)evolve quickly and become extinct  (2) be unable to reach dynamic equilibrium  (3) contain little genetic variability  (4) be unable to cycle materials 

14. Whiteboard Quick Questions  Buffalo grass is a species of plant found on the grazing prairies of Wyoming. It is a tough grass that has silicates (compounds containing oxygen and silicon) that reinforce its leaves. For hundreds of years, this grass has survived in an adverse environment. Which statement best explains the presence of this grass today?  (1) There are no variations in this grass species that help it to survive in an adverse environment.  (2) Silicates are necessary for photosynthesis.  (3) The current species has no mutations.  (4) The silicates in the grass have given the species an advantage in its environment. 

15. Whiteboard Quick Questions  Besides plants giving us oxygen, consider a life without plants….  What would people do without plants for food and non food purposes?

16. Plant Reproduction How Do Plants Reproduce?

17. Plant Reproduction  What is everything you already know about how plants reproduce asexually and/or sexually?  With your partner, write down in the box in your notes all the information you already know about reproduction in plants.

18. Two Ways 2. Sexual reproduction  Plants can reproduce in two ways  1. Asexual Reproduction

19. Asexual Reproduction  Vegetative reproduction or “propagation”  Do not need reproductive parts - can use roots, stem, or leaves (ex: stem cutting)  Can occur rapidly  Think – Pair – Share  Are the offspring from vegetative reproduction genetically the same or different?

20. Sexual Reproduction  Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants  Observe the flower to the right. With your partner determine which are the female and male reproductive parts Male Reproductive Parts Female Parts (pistil)

21. Male Reproductive Parts  Male Parts  The Stamen consists of the anther  The anther produces pollen that is used to fertilize the plant (acts as “sperm”)

22. Female Reproductive Parts  Female Parts  We call the “carpel” the pistil  The stigma is sticky and receives the pollen  The pollen goes down a tube to fertilize the ovary (like the egg)

23. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation. Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click to view the animation

24. Seeds & Fruit  After fertilization the ovary ripens into a fruit  The fruit produces seeds

25. The Seed  The seed germinates = embryo grows into new plant Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test Embryo Cotyledon: Food Source

26. Seed Grows

27. Seed Dispersal  Wind – By “flight ”,  like parachutes, wings, etc.  Ex. Dandelion  Animal- Fruits which animals eat, drop undigested seeds in feces or burrs which stick to animals’ coats

28. Pollination  Flowers are designed to lure insects to help with the pollination process through bright colors, shapes, nector, and odor Also:  1. Wind  2. Animals  3. Birds  4. People

29. Plant Pigment Chromatography  What is paper chromatography?  **Chromatography is the separation and identification of substances in a mixture

30. Plant Pigment Chromatography

31.  Today you will perform a lab in which you will use paper chromatography to separate and identify the pigments in a spinach leaf

32. Plant Pigment Chromatography  Since paper chromatography takes time, while you wait for your chromatography to finish, you will research information about vascular plants

33. Plant Pigment Chromatography