1. Mainstreaming Gender Workshop for the Strengthening of Capacities for Disaster Recovery in Central America and The Caribbean July 17 - 23, 2007 Havana, Cuba Asha Kambon - Regional Adviser ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

2. Objectives Introduce participants to the concept of gender mainstreaming and its importance to the achievement of the objectives of recovery programmes. Introduce participants to the concept of gender mainstreaming and its importance to the achievement of the objectives of recovery programmes. Introduce participants to the process of engendering disaster recovery processes as part of the overall process of s trengthening Capacities for Disaster Recovery Introduce participants to the process of engendering disaster recovery processes as part of the overall process of s trengthening Capacities for Disaster Recovery ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

3. To achieve objectives.. Will seek to address the why of gender mainstreaming - in so doing it will answer: Will seek to address the why of gender mainstreaming - in so doing it will answer: What is gender mainstreaming What is gender mainstreaming What does it have to do with capacities for disaster recovery What does it have to do with capacities for disaster recovery The how of gender mainstreaming Using the PBL approach and based on a information found in the case we will explore the how Using the PBL approach and based on a information found in the case we will explore the how ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

4. What is gender mainstreaming? The process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in any area and at all levels. The process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in any area and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women's as well as men's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic, and societal spheres It is a strategy for making women's as well as men's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic, and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. (E.1997.L.O. Para.4. Adopted by UN Economic and Social Commission 17/7/97) (E.1997.L.O. Para.4. Adopted by UN Economic and Social Commission 17/7/97) ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

5. Another Definition “Taking account of gender concerns in all policy, programme, administrative and financial activities, and in organizational procedures, thereby contributing to a profound organizational transformation.” “Taking account of gender concerns in all policy, programme, administrative and financial activities, and in organizational procedures, thereby contributing to a profound organizational transformation.” ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

6. Why… Immediately following a disaster, the “tyranny of the urgent” prevails; Immediately following a disaster, the “tyranny of the urgent” prevails; A narrow view of the consequences of a disaster can lead to a focus on the ‘physical’ and the ‘economic’ ignoring the social (and gender); A narrow view of the consequences of a disaster can lead to a focus on the ‘physical’ and the ‘economic’ ignoring the social (and gender); Lack of harmony between disaster response and long term development; Lack of harmony between disaster response and long term development; ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

7. How… Collection and analysis of data disaggregated by sex; Collection and analysis of data disaggregated by sex; Gender based research – meaning research that seeks to understand the differential vulnerability and/or impact of disasters on women and men, girls and boys; and Gender based research – meaning research that seeks to understand the differential vulnerability and/or impact of disasters on women and men, girls and boys; and Strengthening institutional capacity in gender analysis Strengthening institutional capacity in gender analysis ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

8. Two levels of action Data collection and analysis of gender differences and relationships, most importantly with regard to the interaction of the productive and reproductive roles of women and men; Data collection and analysis of gender differences and relationships, most importantly with regard to the interaction of the productive and reproductive roles of women and men; The incorporation of this understanding into the programme of work. The incorporation of this understanding into the programme of work. ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

9. Your Challenge…. Ensure that the Recovery programme administered by your office has mainstreamed gender; Ensure that the Recovery programme administered by your office has mainstreamed gender; Task: Using your knowledge and experience and the tools made available identify the resources and processes required to ensure that your response mainstreams gender. Task: Using your knowledge and experience and the tools made available identify the resources and processes required to ensure that your response mainstreams gender. ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

10. Second part…. Let us explore how to ensure that the process is gender sensitive or has mainstreamed gender: Let us explore how to ensure that the process is gender sensitive or has mainstreamed gender: What to do in an assessment; What to do in an assessment; Tools for gender mainstreaming; Tools for gender mainstreaming; Key issues in gender and disasters; Key issues in gender and disasters; Framework for social vulnerability analysis; Framework for social vulnerability analysis; Analysis of the data Analysis of the data

11. Lessons from previous events/years relating to specific gender issues were considered; Lessons from previous events/years relating to specific gender issues were considered; Discrepancies, if any, between information provided by affected women and men noted; Discrepancies, if any, between information provided by affected women and men noted; Informal women’s networks and key informants from these networks were consulted; Informal women’s networks and key informants from these networks were consulted; Sex specific data were collected consistently through the assessment period; Sex specific data were collected consistently through the assessment period; Assessment and Consultation ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

12. Assessments and consultations cont’d … The language of the assessment questions and reporting was sex specific; The language of the assessment questions and reporting was sex specific; Changes caused by the disaster were tracked by sex (unemployment, homelessness, injuries); Changes caused by the disaster were tracked by sex (unemployment, homelessness, injuries); Share of women and men in the decision making process at all levels ( HH, community, national); Share of women and men in the decision making process at all levels ( HH, community, national); Roles and responsibilities of women and men for dependents – children, orphaned, aged, disabled, spouse– noted and integrated into planning; Roles and responsibilities of women and men for dependents – children, orphaned, aged, disabled, spouse– noted and integrated into planning; ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

13. Tools for Gender mainstreaming Issue Question to ask Why Participation and consultation How have women and men been consulted on priorities and needs? Have women and men been involved in the design of this initiative? Have women’s organizations been consulted? Have the results of that consultation influenced the initiative’s focus or design? Although time is often ‘of the essence’ when planning, there are situations where it is possible to involve communities, consult with target beneficiaries, and use participatory consult with target beneficiaries, and use participatory planning tools. In these situations, it is important to planning tools. In these situations, it is important to ensure that women’s needs, priorities, and voices are heard. This includes individual women as well as representatives of This includes individual women as well as representatives of women’s organizations. women’s organizations. Genderanalysis Does the project design indicate that there has been a consideration of the different needs, priorities, and interests of women and men? Often, it is assumed that an entire population will benefit from new resources or a specific initiative. Experience dictates that, new resources or a specific initiative. Experience dictates that, unless there is an awareness of how gender inequalities and unless there is an awareness of how gender inequalities and differences come into play, women may not benefit to the differences come into play, women may not benefit to the same extent as men from DRR initiatives. same extent as men from DRR initiatives. Indicators How are the proposed indicators of success or achievement of targets set to be disaggregated on the basis of sex? disaggregated on the basis of sex? Although providing disaggregated indicators may be time- consuming and expensive, general trends should be available. For example, the organization should have an approximate For example, the organization should have an approximate idea of who is receiving resources (e.g., what percentage idea of who is receiving resources (e.g., what percentage women/men). women/men). Women as only a VulnerableGroup How does the initiative recognize and build on women’s capacities as well as vulnerabilities? Are the gender differences and inequalities of all vulnerable groups understood? In many discussions of gender issues in disaster management, the focus is exclusively on women’s vulnerability. Although it is important to understand how people’s vulnerability is shaped y gender inequalities, it is essential to not overlook women’s capacities. Women have important roles within families, communities, and organizations. International Organizations can support women in these roles.

14. Tools for Gender mainstreaming ….. Cont’d Issue Question to ask why Differences among women Does the project assume that all women have the same needs, priorities, and interests? interests? Does the project recognize that Does the project recognize that most groups’ (such as displaced people, most groups’ (such as displaced people, survivors of landmines, landless, or child survivors of landmines, landless, or child soldiers) are composed of women, men, soldiers) are composed of women, men, boys, and girls and that there will be boys, and girls and that there will be differences within each of these groups? differences within each of these groups? It is important to not think of ‘women’ as a single category. Women—just like men—are divided along racial, educational, class, ethnic, religious, and other racial, educational, class, ethnic, religious, and other lines. Lists of vulnerable groups often categorize lines. Lists of vulnerable groups often categorize women as a separate group and fail to acknowledge women as a separate group and fail to acknowledge that there are women/men, boys/girls within all that there are women/men, boys/girls within all other categories as well. There are gender issues to other categories as well. There are gender issues to be looked at within specific groups. be looked at within specific groups. Capacity of partner partner organizations organizations Do the organizations involved have a solid track record on gender issues? track record on gender issues? Do they have a gender policy? Do they have a gender policy? Does staff have the capacity to work on these issues? these issues? Do they have links with women’s Do they have links with women’s organizations? organizations? Are they familiar with and use on a regular basis international guidelines and basis international guidelines and standards relating to key gender issues standards relating to key gender issues (reproductive health, sexual violence, etc.) (reproductive health, sexual violence, etc.) While good past practice does not guarantee good current practice, it is an indicator of organizational current practice, it is an indicator of organizationalcapacity.

15. Key Issues in Gender and Disasters PhaseIssues Pre-DisasterVulnerability Risk Perception Emergency Coping strategies Transition (Rehabilitation and recovery) Needs Social Composition Creation of new Vulnerabilities ReconstructionPriorities New Gender Roles New Gender Relationships Source: Delaney & Shrader (2000) ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

16. Framework for the social dimension of vulnerability to a natural disaster Asha Kambon - Regional Adviser ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

17. Analysis of the data: Gender differentials

18. Examples of gender differences IssuesFemaleMale Pre Disaster Differing Vulnerabilities - biological - biological - social - social - cultural - cultural - attitudinal (risk perception) - attitudinal (risk perception) Reproductive health needs Restricted skill base Exclusion from home construction Low level of risk tolerance No special restrictions Mobile skills Exclusion from child care responsibilities High level of risk tolerance Emergency Differing coping mechanisms Suffer higher incidence of depression (crying and suicide ideation); Organizing community sing-a-longs and story telling; Alcoholism, gambling and dysfunctional behaviour; Rescuing villagers and clearing roads; Transition (rehabilitation and Recovery) Weak access to wage earning possibilities; Women prepared one-pot meals for the community; Devoted more time to community and reproductive work. Easier access to wages/income; Men engaged in ‘marooning” teams for house rebuilding; Spend more time in productive work; abandonment of families and responsibilities. Reconstruction Differing priorities Differing access to resources; Differing access to power in the public sphere Priorities for shelter, economic activity, food security, and health care; Women slower to return to Labour Market; Reconstruction programmes that embark on development without the inclusion of gender analysis tools; Women’s lack of involvement in governance mechanisms. Priorities for, agriculture, Infrastructural development and economic activity; Men easy access to the Labour Market; Reconstruction programmes in construction and agricultural development that favour male participation; Gender neutral governance mechanisms that don’t recognize changing gender roles and relationships, and favour male participation.

19. UNDP’s Institutional Response to Engendering Disaster Recovery ensure that gender analysis is an integral part of all its activities; ensure that gender analysis is an integral part of all its activities; make support for gender equality a key element of its policy dialogue with partners; and make support for gender equality a key element of its policy dialogue with partners; and develop strategies to ensure its capacity for gender mainstreaming is diffused throughout the programmes. develop strategies to ensure its capacity for gender mainstreaming is diffused throughout the programmes. ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean

20. Thank You