1. Human Skull

2. Human Skull – 22 bones 2 parts: 1.Cranium (8 bones fused at sutures) – protects brain, provides muscle attachment, sinuses reduce weight of skull 2.Facial (14 bones) – gives shape to face, provides muscle attachment

3. Cranial Bones (8) Frontal (1) – forehead & upper eye orbits Parietal (2) – sides & roof of cranium Temporal (2) – sides & floor of cranium

4. Cranial Bones Sphenoid (1) base & sides of cranium, parts of orbits Ethmoid (1) – walls of nasal cavities, floor of cranium, orbits Occipital (1) – back & base of cranium

7. The Ethmoid Bone

8. Floor of Cranium

9. The Sphenoid Bone

11. Special Features of Temporal Bone – 1. zygomatic process – artic. w/zygomatic bone 2. styloid process – anchors tongue & pharynx muscles 3.mastoid process – attachment of neck muscles 4.ext. auditory meatus – tube to middle ear

12. Special Features of Occipital Bone 1.Foramen magnum – large opening for brainstem to pass through 2.Occipital condyles – rounded projections for articulation w/1 st vertebrae

13. Facial Bones – 14 bones Maxilla (2) – upper jaw, roof of mouth; (“keystone”) Nasal (2) – bridge of nose Zygomatic (2) – cheek bones, walls of orbits Lacrimal (2) – medial walls of orbits

14. Facial Bones - continued Inferior nasal conchae (2) – walls of nasal cavities Mandible (1) – lower jaw (only movable bone in skull) Vomer (1) – nasal septum

15. Facial Bones Palantine (2) – roof of mouth (hard palate) (“cleft palate” – incomplete fusion of maxillae & palantine bones)

16. Special Features of Facial Bones Mandible - mandibular condyle –articulation point w/temporal bone coranoid process – provides attachment for chewing muscles

17. Special Features – Facial Bones Zygomatic – has the temporal process; articulation point w/temporal bone