1. Bone Fractures-- breaks in a bone
Types:

2. Bone Fractures-- breaks in a bone
Types:
Simple fracture
Compound fracture

3. Bone Fractures-- breaks in a bone
Types:
Simple fracture—does not penetrate the skin
Compound fracture—broken bone penetrates through the skin

4. Common Types of Fractures
Table 5.2

5. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
Hematoma formation
Figure 5.5, step 1

6. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External callus
New blood vessels
Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage)
Spongy bone trabecula
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Figure 5.5, step 2

7. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External callus
Bony callus of spongy bone
New blood vessels
Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage)
Spongy bone trabecula
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Figure 5.5, step 3

8. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External callus
Bony callus of spongy bone
Healed fracture
New blood vessels
Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage)
Spongy bone trabecula
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodeling
Bone remodeling
Figure 5.5, step 4

9. The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6a

10. The Skull Cranial and Facial bones--joined by sutures
(Mandible has the only movable joint)

11. Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7

12. Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7

13. Human Skull, Superior View
Figure 5.8

14. Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9

15. Human Skull, Anterior View
Figure 5.11

16. The Fetal Skull
Figure 5.13b

17. Paranasal Sinuses
Hollow portions of bones--lighten the skull and give resonance and amplification to voice

18. Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10a

19. Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10b

20. The Hyoid Bone-Not attached to any other bone!
Figure 5.12

21. The Vertebral Column 24 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs
7 cervical (neck)
12 thoracic (chest)
5 lumbar (lower back)
followed by…
Sacrum
Coccyx

22. Vertebral Column—normal curvature
Figure 5.14

23. The Vertebral Column
No lumbar curve!
Figure 5.15

24. A Typical Vertebrae, Be able to pick out these features:
Lamina, pedicle, body (form the ring around the…)
Vertebral foramen
Transverse and spinous processes
Articular processes (sup. and inf.)
Facets (at articulations)
Figure 5.17

25. A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View
Figure 5.17

26. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
C1=Atlas C2=Axis Note the dens
Figure 5.18a

27. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Foramina carry verterbral arteries in the neck
Figure 5.18b

28. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Figure 5.18c

29. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Figure 5.18d

30. Sacrum and Coccyx—fused vertebrae
Figure 5.19

31. The Bony Thorax—protects major organs
Sternum
Ribs
True ribs (pairs 1–7)
False ribs (pairs 8–10)
Floating ribs (pairs 11–12)
Thoracic vertebrae

32. The Bony Thorax—protects major organs
Sternum
Ribs
True ribs (pairs 1–7)
False ribs (pairs 8–10)
Floating ribs (pairs 11–12)
Thoracic vertebrae
Reach sternum
Join to reach sternum
Do not reach sternum

33. The Bony Thorax
Figure 5.20a