1. Human Evolution

2. Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species
K- Animal
P – Chordata
C – Mammalian
O – Primates
F – Hominid
G – Homo
S - sapien

3. Evolution of Primates Members of the Order Primates
Prosimians (first ape), monkeys, Apes, Humans
Thought to have evolved 60 mya

4. 2 distinct anatomical changes seen in the Primate order
Grasping hands and feet, nails on toes and fingers
Eyes moved to the front of the head, binocular vision (overlapping vision, depth perception)
Mobile forelimbs and hindlimbs
Reduced reproductive rate

5. Prosimians – lorises, lemurs and tarsier
1st to evolve
Nocturnal at night
Tree dwellers
Tail

6. 36 MYA
1st see diurnal primates – active during the day, hunting for food, competition
Eyes evolved rods and cones – specialized cells that allowed for seeing colors
Anthropoids – group of primates that include monkeys, apes and humans
Old world monkeys – (lack tails, protruding noses)
Baboon, rhesus
New world monkeys- (long tails, flat noses)
Spider monkey, capuchin monkey
Hominids – Australopithecus, Homo

7. Monkeys –
Opposable thumb – provides hand with improved level of dexterity
Long flexible tail

8. Apes – gorillas, chimps, orangutan
Larger more developed brains
No tail

9. Human Evolution - characteristics
Thought to have evolved 4 – 6 mya
Larger cranium capacity
S shaped spine
Shorter arms than legs
Shape of pelvis supports upper body
Jaws and teeth – more round
Bipedal – ability to walk upright on 2 feet

10. Comparison of Gorilla and Human skeleton

11. Early Hominids (humans)
Australopithecus (genus) – bipedal and larger brains
species: aferensis, africanus, robustus, boisei
“Lucy” – fossils found by Donald Johanson in 1974, dated to be 3.2 mya

12. Homo genus – 2 mya Composed of at least 4 species, may be many more
Homo habilis – Handy man, found fossils with tools
Homo erectus – Java Man – found on island of Java, may have been capable of speech, and 1st to use fire
Homo floresiensis – most recent discovery
Homo sapien - Wise man, 34,000 years ago
Homo sapien the only living

13. Origin of modern humans hypotheses
Multiregional continuity hypothesis – modern humans originated separately in Asia, Europe and Africa as much as 1 million years ago.
Difference in the genes is expected between human populations at different locations
Out of Africa hypothesis – modern humans originated only in Africa and, after migrating into Europe and Asia.

14. Neandertals and Cro-Magnon
Archaic humans
Lived in Europe and Asia
Physical features a result of adaptation to cold.
Cro-magnum
Name given to modern humans
Sophisticated tools
Cultured as seen through cave paintings