1. The Skeleton
Comes from the Greek word meaning “dried-up body” or “mummy”
Accounts for about 20% of body weight
Made up of bones, cartilages & ligaments
Horse skeleton found along Stewart’s Pocket Loop, Payson, AZ

2. 2 Skeletal Systems for the Price of One!
There are 206 bones in human body divided into 2 systems
Axial skeletal system
Skull (cranium), vertebral column, rib cage (bony thorax)
Appendicular skeletal system
Comprises rest of the bones
Follow along on your
"The Skeletal System" handout!

3. The Axial Skeleton
Have out the “Skeletal Skeleton” handout & 3 different colored pencils
Name (identify) & color-code the 3 sets of bones (80 total bones) that make up the Axial Skeletal System
Cranium/Skull
Vertebral column
Rib cage/Bony thorax
Ossicles – inner ear (6)
Hyoid bone (1)
Per. 3 start, Fri

4. Bones of the Human Skeleton
Axial Skeleton – 80 bones
Skull/Cranium
Cranial bones – 8:
Frontal (1), parietal (2), occipital (1), temporal (2), ethmoid (1), sphenoid (1)
Facial Bones – 14:
Maxillary (2), mandible (1), inferior nasal conchae (2), lacrimal (2), nasal (2), palatine (2), vomer (1), zygomatic (2)
Vertebra – 26:
Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (1), coccyx (fusion of 3)
Ribs & Sternum (bony thorax) – 25:
Ribs (24 – 1 pair/thoracic vertebra), sternum (1)
Ossicles (inner ear bones) – 6:
Incus – 2, Malleus -2, Stapes - 2
Hyoid bone (attachment for tongue) - 1

5. Today in Human Anatomy... Homework: Week #10 (9/22-9/26)
Warm Up – Tues, 9/23:
Have out:
Human Skull diagram
Axial Skeletal Sys. notes
Anatomy Fun Fact:
Enamel is hardest substance in the human body. What mineral do you think is found in tooth enamel?
Homework:
Skull Quiz – Wed, 9/24 & Thurs, 9/25
Axial Index Card check - Wed, 9/24 & Thurs, 9/25
Axial Practical Exam – Tues, 10/21 (MOVED due to Guest Speaker)
Agenda:
Finish Axial Skeleton notes – Skull
Human Skull identification activity 5

6. Bones of the Human Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton – bones
Girdles:
Pectoral: clavicle (2) & scapula (2)
Pelvic: ossa coxae/coxal bone (2), consisting of ilium, pubis & ischium
Arm – 30 bones (per arm):
Humerus, radius & ulna, carpals (8), metacarpals (5), phalanges (14)
Leg – 30 bones (per leg):
Femur, tibia & fibula, patella, tarsals (7), metatarsals (5) & phalanges (14)

7. The Skull (Cranium) Formed by 22 bones divided into 2 sets:
Human Skull animation
The Skull (Cranium)
Formed by 22 bones divided into 2 sets:
Cranial bones
Facial bones
The skull can be divided into 2 regions:
Vault (skullcap)
Base

8. The Skull (Cranium) Cranial Bones - 8 bones 2 Parietal 2 Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

9. The Skull (Cranium) Facial Bones - 14 bones
Maxillary (2)
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Nasal (2)
Palatine (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Mandible & vomer are unpaired
Males: more elongated than females
Females: rounder & less angular
Mandible (jaw): largest & strongest bone of the face

10. The Skull (Cranium)
All bones of adult skull are firmly connected by interlocking joints called sutures
Coronal
Connects frontal & parietal bones
Squamous
Connects parietal & temporal bones
Sagittal
Connects 2 parietal bones
Lambdoid
Connects occipital & parietal bones