1. Developing a pipework scanner system using EDXRD
Jamieson Lock
Natural Science (Physics and Chemistry)
Undergraduate

2. Overview X-ray diffraction and its application Defects in pipework
Previous work on project
Project aims
Initial work done towards project
Problems and steps taken to overcome them
Where the project is going next

3. X-ray diffraction
nλ = 2d sin(θ/2)

4. Applications Inter-planar spacing of a microstructure
Phase transformations
Stresses – with high intensity X-rays
Amorphous structure still gives result
Security – explosives in luggage
Health – cancerous tissue
Locating possible defects in pipework

5. Phases of steel Ferrite Austenite Martensite Chromium carbides
Body centred cubic
Austenite
Face centred cubic
Martensite
Body centred tetragonal
Chromium carbides
Simple orthorhombic

6. Previous work Research into ADXRD and EDXRD
EDXRD chosen – calculation heavy, but uses single detector and does not require monochromatic X-ray source
Tungsten collimator
Brittle fracture

7. Source: Development of a prototype pipework scanning system using Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction
- Bradley, Garrity, Jenneson, Vincent

8. Previous error Vertical ribbon beams Large angular error possible
Systematic error – calculated to be 11.5º rather than 6.25º

9. Initial state of project
New collimator
Had not been tested
Crack visible
Clamp system required

10. Initial work Clamp designs EDM Clamp fabrication Operator training
Electrical discharge machining
Clamp fabrication
Operator training

12. Set up Holder and framework set up Better than expected
Easily adjustable
No clips
Errors in previous work analysed

13. Initial spectra Spectra taken before calibration Heavy noise
Detector found to be broken
CdTe → CZT
Tungsten K lines
Still no diffraction peaks

14. Future work Alignment problem Solve other problems
Possible new collimator design
Gain spectra for known samples
Weld decay
Martensitic structure
Other phases/microstructures

15. Summary X-ray diffraction and uses Defects and associated phases
Previous work – proof of concept
Project details
Work so far
Current situation
Future aims

16. Thank you Any questions? Dr David Garrity – Supervisor
Dr Paul Chard-Tuckey – Group Manager
Clare Scudder – Head of Nuclear Dept.
Dr Ian Giles – DE&S UDS Project Manager
Lewis Kiely – Fellow placement Student
Samantha Morris – Placement Co-ordinator
Dr Steve Andrews – Placement Tutor
Paola Hayes – Health Physicist
Terry McCarthy – Lab Assistant
Thank you
Any questions?

17. Extra slides

18. Apparatus Varian 225 kV source Gulmay 3.2 kW supply
Gulmay MP1 controller
AmpTek XR-100T CdTe Detector
PX4 digital pulse processor
AmpTek XR-100T CdZnTe Detector
Pocket MCA

19. First design

20. Alignment problem: solutions
Check horizontal alignment
Use old collimator with new holder
Try original aluminium collimator
Still no peaks & Collimator broke
Barely fits & Minimal flux
To be arranged

21. Spectra

22. Desired peaks (austenite)
D111 – 2.06 Å – keV
D200 – 1.78 Å – keV
D220 – 1.26 Å – keV
D113 – 1.07 Å – keV
D222 – 1.03 Å – keV

23. X-ray linearity test