1. Hour 1 and 2: How has our perception and the treatment of mental illness changed over time? Abnormal Psychology Early theories and treatment of mental illness A brief history of insanity Modern approaches to the causes and treatment of mental illness Changes over time in the definition of mental illness The DSMIV Modern constructs of mental illness Biological approach Cognitive approach Psychoanalytic approach Humanistic approach Behavioural approach

2. Early theories of mental illness (1400 A.D.approx) Witchcraft as causation Natural vs. supernatural ailments

3. Early treatment of mental illness (1600 A.D.approx) London’s Bethlehem (Bedlam) Asylum Charging admission to see the “lunatics”

4. Early classification of mental illness (1800 A.D.) Seven categories of mental illness Mania Melancholia Monomania Paresis Dipsomania Epilepsy Dementia Modern classification of mental illness The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (The DSM) Changes over time in the definitions of mental illness

5. What was once “deviant” is now normal Homosexuality, nymphomania and masturbation What was once normal is now “deviant” The Jerusalem syndrome. Modern constructs of mental illness and the DSM

6. Modern approaches to the causes and treatment of mental illness Biological approach Cognitive approach Psychoanalytic approach Humanistic approach Behavioural approach

7. Causes Assumes disorders are based on physical causes Based on the medical model Imbalance of neurotransmitters e.g., too much dopamine: schizophrenia too little serotonin : depression too little GABA: anxiety Modern approaches to the causes and treatment of mental illness Treatment Drugs Antipsychotics to relieve hallucinations Anti depressants to relieve depression Tranquilizers to relieve anxiety Biological approach

8. Causes Disorders are caused by faulty thought processes e.g., pessimistic or catastrophic thinking Modern approaches to the causes and treatment of mental illness Treatment Change the patient’s negative thought process Thought stopping Rational-emotive therapy Cognitive approach

9. BREAK

10. Causes Abnormal behaviour is a result of the conflict-anxiety-defense–symptoms sequence that begins in early childhood Personality characteristics of the parents (in the case of schizophrenia) Modern approaches to the causes and treatment of mental illness Treatment Psychotherapy - helping patients gain insight into the underlying causes of behaviour. Psychoanalytic approach

11. Causes Anxiety and depression are due to the discrepancy between the current self and the ideal self. Focuses on the anxiety or depression of normal individual Never seriously addressed the causes of severe disorders or developed a comprehensive theories of abnormal behaviour. e.g., Schizophrenia is not a disorder, just an alternative form of adjustment Modern approaches to the causes and treatment of mental illness Treatment Help the individual close the gap between the current self and the ideal self Humanist approach

12. Causes Faulty maladaptive learning Behaviour is the problem, not physiology No underlying cause Modern approaches to the causes and treatment of mental illness Treatment Application of the laws of classical and operant conditioning Behaviour modification Systematic desensitization Flooding Aversive conditioning Behavioural approach