1. Archea and Eubacteria Archea Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom
All prokaryotic single celled organisms.
No Peptidoglycan in cell wall
Most ancient and extreme
They live in the harshest environments
Methanogens (anaerobic), thermoacidophiles (hot) and halophiles (salty)
Eubacteria Kingdom
True bacteria, all prokaryotic single celled
Have Peptidoglycan in cell wall
Classified by their shape and gram staining

2. Shapes and Examples
Sphere- Cocci, can occur in chains Streptococcus Pneumoniae which can cause strep throat or Scarlet fever, or grapelike clusters Staphylococcus aureus which can cause skin infections and Toxic Shock syndrome
Rod- Bacillus ex Escherichia coli (E.coli), Lactobacilli which can cause tooth decay or one strain makes Sourdough bread, other bacilli can cause botulism, typhoid fever, and anthrax
Spiral- Spirilla comes in 3 shapes 1. Vibro which is curved caused Cholera, 2. Spirillum (thick spiral), and 3. Spirochete (thin spiral) ex. Treponema pallidum causes Syphilis and another strain can cause Lyme disease

3. Essential Bacteria: ecosystems depend on these small organisms
Cyanobacteria- photosynthetic/producers, building blocks of most aquatic food webs
Nitrogen- Fixing Bacteria- symbiotic relationship with plants, they help them absorb nitrogen from the soil.
Helpful: fermentation, digestion, biotechnology, nitrogen fixing, decomposers, oxygen producers
Antibiotics kill bacteria by destroying the cell wall, gram negative have an extra lipid layer that prevents the antibiotics from entering the cell.

4. Review of Bacteria All bacteria: Some Bacteria: Reproduce asexually
Single celled
Have cell wall
Single strand of DNA
Some Bacteria:
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Some move by flagella, slime, spiral motion
Some produce endospores which allow them to go dormant during hostile conditions
Some produce toxins

5. Kingdom Protista Kingdom of Mostly single celled organisms
Categorized by their likeness to 3 other kingdoms
All Eukaryotic some Autotrophic and some Heterotrophic

6. Algae- Plant like Protist
Algae or Plant-like, Autotrophic, classified by pigment with no cell wall, come form elaborate colonies and multicellular structures (kelp and seaweed)
Chrysophyta- Golden Algae ex diatoms
Pyrrophyta- bioluminescent/glow
ex. Dinoflagellates
Euglenaphyta- ex Euglena
Rhodophyta- red
Phaeophyta- brown, seaweed and kelp
Chlorophyta- green, ex Volvox, Spirogyra

7. Images of algae
Volvox
Spirogyra
Red algae
Seaweed
Kelp
Diatoms

8. Protozoa or Animal like Protist
Protozoa or Animal-like, classified by mode of movement
Sarcodina ex. Amoeba- move by pseudopodia “false foot”
Ciliophora ex Paramecium- move by cilia, tiny hairs
Zoomastigina ex Trypanosoma (African Sleeping Sickness) moves by flagella
Sporozoa, are the parasitic animal like protista, include Plasmodium which causes Malaria

9. Images of Protozoa
Amoeba
Paramecium
Trypanosoma

10. Fungus-like Protista
Fungus-like are all Heterotrophic with no cell wall, absorbing nutrients directly through cell membrane
Include Plasmodium or Slime Molds and Downy Mildews

11. Kingdom Fungi
All Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophs (saprotrophs or detrivores living off dead and decaying organisms or decomposers), cell wall made of chitin (type of protein), and classified by reproductive structures.
Mycoses is the term for Fungal Infection, Fungus destroys the cells around the infection site, to fight fungal infection you have to destroy the cell wall
Fungi are important part of an ecosystem because they recycle nutrients/ decomposers

12. Classifications of Fungi
Club Fungi – Basidiomycota , Basidia, ex Mushrooms
Sac Fungi- Ascomycota, Asci, ex. Truffles, Morels,Yeast, and Athletes Foot Fungus
Zygote Fungi – Zygomycota, Sporangia, ex. Bread molds
Imperfect- Deuteromycota, reproduce asexually, ex Penicillian
Lichen- Mycophycophyta, symbiotic relationship between fungus and photosynthetic cells of cyanobacteria or algae.

13. Images of Fungi