1. A study of mammalian anatomy with emphasis on humans and the fetal pig

2. Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum: Chordata (backbone/spine)
Class: Mammalia
Order
Genus: Sus
Species: scrofa
When naming an animal scientifically you would use that animal’s genus & species.
Ex. This type of pig is Sus scrofa.

3. Fetal Pig
Fetal = fetus: a stage in animal development. A well developed zygote.

4. External/Head Region External structures
*There are 3 major regions of the pig’s body. Head, trunk & tail.
I) Head region – usually considered the front or top of a species. Usually contains the brain & most sense organs
1) Eyes (2) – sight organs.(#3)
2) Jaw – a bony area of the head that contains the teeth (#5)
3) Snout – the pig’s nose used for smelling & digging (#4)
4) Ear – organs used for hearing. May be called Pinnae (#1 & #2)

5. External/Trunk Region
B) Trunk – the midsection of a mammal. It is broken into 2 sections, the thorax (upper trunk) & abdomen (lower trunk).
Legs- front & hind. Used for movement
Umbilicus (umbilical chord) – small tube that connects the fetus to the mother’s uterus. Used to feed the baby in the womb.(#6)
Nipples – on males & females, but often more on the female pig. Used to feed the young milk. (#10)
Reproductive organs – For reproducing.
a) Male- penis & scrotal sac. (May not be outwardly visible.) (#9)
b) Female – Vagina
Anus – pore used for eliminating solid waste from the body. (May be considered part of the tail region as well.(#11)

6. External/Tail
Tail – the back of some species. A tail can be used for anything from swatting pests & grasping objects to attracting mates & distracting predators.

7. The Internal Structures
All internal structures will be put into body systems.
The systems will include:
Digestive/Excretory
Urogenital/Reproductive
Respiratory
Circulatory
Nervous
Skeletal
Muscular
*Not all systems or organs will be mentioned

8. Digestive/Excretory Systems
Digestive/Excretory system – converts food to energy for the body’s use & removes waste from the body.
Liver – organ that removes waste from some foods. (detoxification) It also stores bile. Usually brown.
Diaphragm – muscle between abdominal & thoracic cavities that separates them & puts pressure on lungs & esophagus.
Tongue – taste organ with 4 taste buds on it. ( sweet, sour, salty, bitter)
Esophagus – muscular tube behind the tongue that connects mouth to stomach.
Stomach – stores & digests food using enzymes & stomach acids.
Small intestine – smaller tube that connects stomach to large intestine beginning of waste removal (excretory system).
Large intestine – also called colon. Waste removal is its function.
Rectum – a muscle at the end of the large intestine that pushes feces (solid waste from the body) out.
Anus – an external feature but a pore where the waste leaves the body.
Gall bladder – small greenish structure behind the liver. It contains bile & helps detoxify food.
Spleen – connected to the stomach. It makes white blood cells so it is actually part of the circulatory system. Long & thin.
Pancreas – in the mesentery (web-like connective tissue) behind stomach. Usually it is gray & bumpy & has enzymes that aid in digestion.

9. Urogenital & Reproductive Systems
Urogenital & Reproductive systems – to remove liquid waste & reproduce offspring
Urogenital
Kidney – bean shaped organ on the wall of the back that removes excess salt, H2O, & urea (nitrogen waste) from the blood.
Ureter – small tubes that empty the kidneys to the bladder.
Bladder – the bulb-like sac organ that stores urine until it is ready to be removed.
Urethra – a tube that empties urine from the bladder out of body.
Male reproductive system
Penis- male reproductive organ
Scrotum – sac that protects the testes.
Testes – 2 male oval organs that produce sperm.
Female reproductive system
Vagina – female reproductive organ.
Ovaries – 2 small round organs attached to the back produce egg cells.
Oviduct (Fallopian tube) – 2 tubes that connect ovaries to the Uterus for fertilization. Pig has Uterine horns (extensions that help mammals with multiple births).
Uterus – a sac where fertilization takes place & the fetus is nurtured.
The Urinary System

10. Reproductive Diagrams
Male
Female

11. Respiratory System
Respiratory system – brings in oxygen & removes carbon dioxide.
Mouth- where air enters. Tongue & teeth are in the mouth.
Pharynx – a cavity that has the organs for breathing.
Larynx – voicebox
Trachea – windpipe. Ringed cartilage.
Lungs – 2 organs that exchange gases.

12. Circulatory System
Circulatory system - transports, blood, oxygen, & nutrients to the body.
Blood vessels – carry blood
Veins –smaller blood vessels bring blood back to the heart from the body. This blood contains little or no oxygen.
Arteries- larger blood vessels that carry blood with oxygen from the heart to the body.
Capillaries – small connecting blood vessels.
Heart- muscular organ that pumps blood to the body.

13. Nervous System
Nervous System – controls body’s senses functions, & actions.
Brain – the organ that controls all the body’s functions, the nerve center.
Spinal Chord – nervous tissue behind the backbone. Like an electrical wire to the rest of the body. Sends signals from brain to body’s nerves.

14. Skeletal System Skeletal system – Protection, movement, & support.
All bones (humans 206) & cartilages (soft bone) are part of this system

15. Muscular System Muscular system – for movement & insulation.
It includes all ligaments (muscle to bone) & tendons (muscle to muscle) (connective tissues).