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Published byRosemary York Modified over 9 years ago
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Vertebrates
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Vertebrate Characteristics Endoskeleton Vertebrae Integument Gills & Lungs _____________ circulatory system Digestive Tract _____________ remove nitrogen waste Brain Sexual reproduction
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Phylum Chordata Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve cord Pharyngeal pouches Post anal tail These are present at some time in the developmental process
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General Characteristics Vertebral column Cranium Closed circulatory system Neural crest Internal organs Endoskeleton
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Vertebrate Classes Agnatha – Jawless fish Chondrichthyes – Cartilage and unique scales Osteichthyes – bony fish Amphibia – double life (aquatic and land) Reptilia – egg layers Aves – wing Mammalia – hair and mammary gland
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Evolution of the Jaw
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The Fishes Jawless Cartilaginous Calcified Bone Life in Water – Streamline body – Dense tail muscle – Gill lung – Swim bladder Homeostasis – Kidney function Sensory Functions – Lateral line system
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Agnatha Jawless fish Lack paired fins No plates or scales Cartilage No swim bladder _______________________ Ectothermic External fertilization ________ chambered heart Gills Examples - Hagfish and Lamprey
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Chondrichthyes Cartilage skeleton ______________________ Paired fins No swim bladder Lateral line Ectothermic Internal fertilization _______ chambered heart Gills Triangular teeth Shark, Ray, Skate
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Osteichthyes Bony fish Lateral line _________ chambered heart Lung swim bladder ________________ with gills Scales Paired fins Ectothermic External fertilization Spawning Examples - Lobe and Ray fins
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Amphibia Ectothermic Gills lungs ______________________ Respiration Protection __________ chambered heart Separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood Bony skeleton Digestive system External fertilization Metamorphosis
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Evolution 370 million years ago Lobed fin moved over land Challenges – Water availability – Air temperature – New habitats – Climate shifts
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Orders of Amphibians – Urodela – salamander – Anura – frogs and toads – Apoda - caecilians
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Reptilia Evolved from amphibians – Greater modifications – Cortex region of brain – ________ chambered heart w/ partial divided ventricle Water freedom – Water tight skin – Copulatory organ – Kidney – ___________________________
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The Amniotic Egg
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Orders – Crocodilia Crocodile Alligator – Chelonia Turtles – Squamata Lizards and Snakes
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Aves Evolved from ___________ – Only 150 million years ago Horny keratinized beak, scaly leg, egg laying Feathers Wing Strong muscles ________________________ _________ chambered heart Endothermic Migration
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Mammalia Origin from small, hairless reptile Traits Increased Brain capacity _________________________ Hair Dentition for dietary habits __________ chambered heart _________________________ Endothermic
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Orders – ________________________ Duckbilled platypus Spiny anteater – ________________________ Pouched animals Australia and New Zealand – ________________________ Young nourished within uterus placenta
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