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Ruminant Digestion
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What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas
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The Ruminant System Mouth Anus Esophagus Large Intestine Rumen
Reticulum Small Intestine Omasum Abomasum
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The Ruminant System Mouth Salivary Glands
Tongue and teeth grasp and tear forages Salivary Glands Produce saliva Provides lubrication for swallowing Provides fluid to rumen Buffers acid production
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The Ruminant System Esophagus Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum
Bidirectional functionality Allows food to pass both ways
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The Ruminant System Rumen
Largest section of the 4 compartment stomach system Ingested grass and hay is fermented by microorganisms Cellulose is broken down Amino acids are synthesized B-complex vitamins are produced
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Inside the Rumen Rumen is lined with papilla which increases surface area for absorbing vitamins and amino acids
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Inside the Rumen Microorganisms in the rumen are made up of a protist, fungal spore and bacteria Protist Fungal Spore Bacteria
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The Ruminant System Reticulum
Food bolus is formed by organ walls contracting on food Honeycomb texture helps squeeze out water Liquids ingested by animal by-pass rumen and go directly into reticulum “Hardware Stomach” If animal ingests metal or sharp objects they remain here to prevent injury to system
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Inside the Reticulum
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The Ruminant System Rumination
Food bolus from rumen moves up the esophagus and returns to the mouth Animal chews food bolus into smaller pieces and swallows again Food returns to the reticulum for further processing The rumen and reticulum combined make up 80% of the volume of the 4 compartment system
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The Ruminant System Forages Liquids Rumination Rumen Reticulum
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The Ruminant System Omasum
The 3rd compartment of the system which receives the ruminated food bolus from the reticulum Contains mayplies or folds that aid in reducing particle size of the food bolus by grinding together
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Inside the Omasum
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The Ruminant System Abomasum
The 4th compartment of the system which receives the ground food particles from the omasum “True Stomach” Gastric juices are added to aid in digesting Muscle contractions mix food particles and gastric juices
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Inside the Abomasum
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The Ruminant System Small Intestine Absorbs nutrients
Partially digested feed is mixed with bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice Breaking down food molecules into nutrients Nutrients are absorbed in the last 2/3 of the intestine Villi line the intestinal wall to increase surface area for absorption
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The Ruminant System Cecum
Non-functioning blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large intestine
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The Ruminant System Large Intestine Rectum Anus Absorbs water
Minimal nutrient absorption Forms feces from indigestible waste Adds mucus membrane to aid in excretion Rectum Internal sphincter that controls excretion Anus External sphincter that controls excretion
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The Ruminant System Small Intestine Rectum Mouth Esophagus Rumen
Pancreas Omasum Anus Salivary Glands Cecum Liver Reticulum Gall Bladder Large Intestine Abomasum
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Tongue and teeth grasp food
Ruminant Review Tongue and teeth grasp food
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Ruminant Review Mouth
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Ruminant Review Produces saliva
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Ruminant Review Salivary Glands
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Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum
Ruminant Review Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum
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Ruminant Review Esophagus
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Ruminant Review Ferments forages, contains microorganisms that produce vitamins and amino acids which are absorbed through papilla
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Ruminant Review Rumen
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Ruminant Review Liquids are diverted here, compacts the food bolus and has a honeycomb structure
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Ruminant Review Reticulum
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Ruminant Review Contains manyplies or folds, grinds the food bolus into small particles
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Ruminant Review Omasum
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Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles
Ruminant Review Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles
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Ruminant Review Abomasum
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Ruminant Review Secretes intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile, digests food particles and absorbs nutrients
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Ruminant Review Small Intestine
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Ruminant Review Blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large intestine that has no function
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Ruminant Review Cecum
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Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces
Ruminant Review Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces
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Ruminant Review Large Intestine
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Internal sphincter that controls excretion
Ruminant Review Internal sphincter that controls excretion
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Ruminant Review Rectum
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External sphincter that controls excretion
Ruminant Review External sphincter that controls excretion
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Ruminant Review Anus
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The Ruminant System Small Intestine Rectum Mouth Esophagus Rumen
Pancreas Omasum Anus Salivary Glands Cecum Liver Reticulum Gall Bladder Large Intestine Abomasum
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The Ruminant System Small Intestine Rectum Mouth Esophagus Rumen
Pancreas Omasum Anus Salivary Glands Cecum Liver Reticulum Gall Bladder Large Intestine Abomasum
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The Ruminant System
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The Ruminant System
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The Ruminant System
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Ruminant Review Blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large intestine that has no function
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The Ruminant System
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Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum
Ruminant Review Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum
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The Ruminant System
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Ruminant Review Liquids are diverted here, compacts the food bolus and has a honeycomb structure
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The Ruminant System
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Tongue and teeth grasp food
Ruminant Review Tongue and teeth grasp food
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The Ruminant System
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Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces
Ruminant Review Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces
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The Ruminant System
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Ruminant Review Contains manyplies or folds, grinds the food bolus into small particles
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The Ruminant System
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External sphincter that controls excretion
Ruminant Review External sphincter that controls excretion
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The Ruminant System
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Ruminant Review Produces saliva
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The Ruminant System
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Ruminant Review Secretes intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile, digests food particles and absorbs nutrients
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The Ruminant System
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Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles
Ruminant Review Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles
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The Ruminant System
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Internal sphincter that controls excretion
Ruminant Review Internal sphincter that controls excretion
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The Ruminant System
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Ruminant Review Ferments forages, contains microorganisms that produce vitamins and amino acids which are absorbed through papilla
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The Ruminant System
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The Ruminant System
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The Ruminant System
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