1. 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CHAPTER 16 URINARY SYSTEM

2. 2 THE URINARY SYSTEM LOCATED IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. LOCATED IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. CONSIST OF THE KIDNEYS, URETERS, URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA. CONSIST OF THE KIDNEYS, URETERS, URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA. FUNCTION TO MAINTAIN COMPOSITION AND VOLUME OF THE BODY FLUIDS BY REMOVING WASTE & EXCESS MATERIAL IN URINE. FUNCTION TO MAINTAIN COMPOSITION AND VOLUME OF THE BODY FLUIDS BY REMOVING WASTE & EXCESS MATERIAL IN URINE.

3. 3 THE URINARY SYSTEM

4. 4 URINARY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS KIDNEYS:- KIDNEYS:- {1} SECRTION OF RENIN ENZYME WHICH ACTIVATE THE RENIN – ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM THAT INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE. {2} SECRETION OF ERYTHROPOIETIN HORMONE WHICH STIMULATES RED BLOOD CELLS FORMATION BY THE BONE MARROW. {3} FORMATION OF URINE TO ELIMINATE WASTE PRODUCTS FROM THE BLOOD.

5. 5 URINARY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS URETERS:- CARRY URINE FROM KIDNEYS INTO THE URINARY BLADDER. URETERS:- CARRY URINE FROM KIDNEYS INTO THE URINARY BLADDER. URINARY BLADDER:- TEMPORARY STORAGE OF URINE. URINARY BLADDER:- TEMPORARY STORAGE OF URINE. URETHRA:- EXPEL URINE FROM URINARY BLADDER TO THE OUTSIDE. URETHRA:- EXPEL URINE FROM URINARY BLADDER TO THE OUTSIDE.

6. 6 THE KIDNEY STRUCTURE RENAL CAPSULE:- TIGHT CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT ENVELOPE THE KIDNEY. RENAL CAPSULE:- TIGHT CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT ENVELOPE THE KIDNEY. RENAL CORTEX:- OUTERMOST TISSUE LAYER. CONTAIN CORTICAL NEPHRONS. RENAL CORTEX:- OUTERMOST TISSUE LAYER. CONTAIN CORTICAL NEPHRONS. RENAL MEDULLA:- THE MIDDLE LAYER. CONTAIN MEDULLARY NEPHRONS. RENAL MEDULLA:- THE MIDDLE LAYER. CONTAIN MEDULLARY NEPHRONS. RENAL PELVIS:- THE INNERMOST CAVITY WHERE URINE IS COLLECTED. RENAL PELVIS:- THE INNERMOST CAVITY WHERE URINE IS COLLECTED. BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, LYMPHATICS AND URETER ENTER OR EXIT AT HILUM. BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, LYMPHATICS AND URETER ENTER OR EXIT AT HILUM.

7. 7 THE KIDNMEY STRUCTURE

8. 8 THE NEPHRON STRUCTURE ONE MILLION NEPHRON IN EACH KIDNEY ONE MILLION NEPHRON IN EACH KIDNEY IT IS THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE KIDNEYS AND IS MADE OF:- IT IS THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE KIDNEYS AND IS MADE OF:- RENAL CORPUSCLE:- CONSIST OF THE GLOMERULUS AND BOWMAN’S CAPSULE. RENAL CORPUSCLE:- CONSIST OF THE GLOMERULUS AND BOWMAN’S CAPSULE. PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE NEPHRON LOOP OR LOOP OF HENLE. NEPHRON LOOP OR LOOP OF HENLE. DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE COLLECTING DUCT COLLECTING DUCT

9. 9 THE NEPHRON STRUCTURE

10. 10 THE NEPHRON BLOOD SUPPLY AORTA > RENAL ARTERY > INTERLOBAR ARTERY > AFFERENT ARTERIOLE > GLOMERULUS > EFFERENT ARTERIOLE > PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY > VENULE > INTERLOBAR VEIN > RENAL VEIN > INFERIOR VENA CAVA.

11. 11 THE NEPHRON BLOOD SUPPLY

12. 12 URINE FORMATION DONE BY THE NEPHRONS IN STEPS:- DONE BY THE NEPHRONS IN STEPS:- GLOMERULAR FILTRATION:- FILTRATION OF WATER & DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES IN BLOOD PLASMA FROM THE GLOMERULUS CAPILLARIES INTO BOWMAN’S CAPSULE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION:- FILTRATION OF WATER & DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES IN BLOOD PLASMA FROM THE GLOMERULUS CAPILLARIES INTO BOWMAN’S CAPSULE TUBULAR REABSORPTION:- REMOVAL OF USEFUL MATERIAL FROM THE GLOMERULAR FILTERATE BACK INTO THE PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY BLOOD. TUBULAR REABSORPTION:- REMOVAL OF USEFUL MATERIAL FROM THE GLOMERULAR FILTERATE BACK INTO THE PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY BLOOD.

13. 13 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION

14. 14 TUBULAR REABSORPTION

15. 15 URINE FORMATION TUBULAR SECRETION:- REMOVAL OF HARMFUL MATERIAL FROM PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY BLOOD AND ADDING THAT TO THE GLOMERULAR FILTERATE. TUBULAR SECRETION:- REMOVAL OF HARMFUL MATERIAL FROM PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY BLOOD AND ADDING THAT TO THE GLOMERULAR FILTERATE. EXCRETION:- COLLECTION OF THE END PRODUCT AS URINE INTO THE RENAL PELVIS > URETERS > URINARY BLADDER EXCRETION:- COLLECTION OF THE END PRODUCT AS URINE INTO THE RENAL PELVIS > URETERS > URINARY BLADDER

16. 16 URINE FORMATION STEPS

17. 17 URINARY BLADDER & MICTURITION THE URINARY BLADDER IS A HOLLOW MUSCULAR ORGAN FOR URINE STORAGE. THE URINARY BLADDER IS A HOLLOW MUSCULAR ORGAN FOR URINE STORAGE. WHEN THE URINARY BLADDER IS FULL, ITS MUSCLE CONTRACT TO PUSH URINE INTO THE URETHRA. WHEN THE URINARY BLADDER IS FULL, ITS MUSCLE CONTRACT TO PUSH URINE INTO THE URETHRA. THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER IS UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL & NEED TO BE RELAXED FOR URINATION. THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER IS UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL & NEED TO BE RELAXED FOR URINATION. MICTURITION IS EMPTYING OF URINE FROM URINARY BLADDER TO OUTSIDE MICTURITION IS EMPTYING OF URINE FROM URINARY BLADDER TO OUTSIDE

18. 18 URINARY BLADDER & MICTURITION