1. AmphibiansAmphibians The first vertebrates to live on land.

2. Necessary adaptations for life on land 1.Legs to support weight of animal & to allow for movement

3. Necessary adaptations for life on land 2.Lungs and/or cutaneous breathing rather than gills

4. Necessary adaptations for life on land 3.Heart able to supply more oxygen.

6. Dorsal:TopDorsal:Top Ventral:BottomVentral:Bottom Anterior: Front / head Anterior: Posterior:RearPosterior:Rear

7. Frog Anatomy

8. SkinSkin mucous glands keep skin moist which is necessary for cutaneous respiration mucous glands keep skin moist which is necessary for cutaneous respiration some have glands that produce poisons or foul- tasting substances some have glands that produce poisons or foul- tasting substances oxygen from the air is drawn into a frog's body by the blood vessels that lie close to the skin.

9. EyesEyes eyes bulge providing protection from predators eyes bulge providing protection from predators has 2 eyelids has 2 eyelids – one protects from dust – nictitating membrane is clear & protects under water

10. Tympanic Membrane The eardrum of the frog

11. Structures of the Mouth TongueTongue attaches at front of mouth so it can flick out to capture prey Vomarine Teeth 2 large teeth in roof of mouth that impale the prey (food is swallowed whole) 2 large teeth in roof of mouth that impale the prey (food is swallowed whole)

12. Structures of the Mouth GulletGullet Opening to the esophagus GlottisGlottis Opening to the trachea (windpipe)

13. Structures of the Mouth Eustachian Tubes Lead to the Tympanic Membrane. Internal Nares Nostrals

14. Frog Anatomy

15. SkeletonSkeleton Frog has a reduced skeleton (9 vertebrae & no ribs) Pelvic girdle is adapted to absorb shock from jumping

16. BrainBrain A larger cerebrum enables frog to process more sensory information; large optic lobe for vision

17. Digestive System Esophagus: Tube that leads to the stomach Stomach: First site of chemical digestion, breaks down food Liver: Makes bile (aids in digestion) Gall bladder: Stores bile Pancreas: Makes insulin (aids in digestion)

18. Digestive System Small Intestine (duodenum and ileum): absorb nutrients from food Mesentery: Holds coils of the small intestine together Spleen: Part of circulatory system, stores blood Large Intestine: Collects waste, absorbs water Cloaca - "Sewer": eggs, sperm, urine and feces enter this area

19. Urogenital System ExcretoryReproductive Combination of the Excretory and Reproductive systems – they are closely related Cloaca is the collection cavity for feces, urine, eggs, & sperm - one opening for all these to exit.

20. Reproductive System Eggs are not watertight so reproduction must happen in water. Males produce sperm & females produce eggs, both in large numbers for external fertilization

21. Reproductive System

23. External Frog Anatomy ForelimbForelimb VentralVentral AnteriorAnterior DorsalDorsal PosteriorPosterior Hind limb FootFoot Hand Tympanic Membrane External Nares EyeEye Nictitating Membrane ForelimbForelimb VentralVentral AnteriorAnterior DorsalDorsal PosteriorPosterior Hind limb FootFoot Hand Tympanic Membrane External Nares EyeEye Nictitating Membrane

24. Structures of the Mouth Internal Nares TongueTongue Eustachian Tubes Maxillary Teeth Vomarine Teeth GulletGullet GlottisGlottis Internal Nares TongueTongue Eustachian Tubes Maxillary Teeth Vomarine Teeth GulletGullet GlottisGlottis

25. KidneysKidneys Fat Bodies OviductOviduct OvaryOvary CloacaCloaca KidneysKidneys TestesTestes CloacaCloaca BladderBladder BladderBladder KidneysKidneys OviductOviduct OvaryOvary CloacaCloaca KidneysKidneys TestesTestes CloacaCloaca BladderBladder BladderBladder

26. E-mail your dissection pictures to Tommie.Gibbins@birdvilleschools.net E-mail your dissection pictures to Tommie.Gibbins@birdvilleschools.net

27. Please… Get out your notes from yesterday Get out something to write with Put all belongings at the back of the classroom!