1. Second Great Awakening 1810-1850 Democratic Religion?

3. Revival of interest in relig Revival of interest in relig Focus on Bible, need all to read, interpret Focus on Bible, need all to read, interpret New churches, sects, denominations New churches, sects, denominations

4. “Why, I can be saved!” Individ responsible for salvation, so no predestination Individ responsible for salvation, so no predestination Emotional response; reject rationalism Emotional response; reject rationalism Active! Revivalist! Intense! Active! Revivalist! Intense! Demand > Supply  Camp meetings in absence of churches Demand > Supply  Camp meetings in absence of churches

6. Missionary aspects Individual can change  Society can change Individual can change  Society can change Growth of sects, denominations Growth of sects, denominations Faith + good works = salvation Faith + good works = salvation U.S. is a “called nation” U.S. is a “called nation” At least 80 communal experiments active in 1840s At least 80 communal experiments active in 1840s

7. How fit with rest of chapter?

8. At same time as... Spread of “universal white male suffrage” Spread of “universal white male suffrage” Growth of ed opportunities, esp. lyceums (public lecture halls) Growth of ed opportunities, esp. lyceums (public lecture halls) Tech change made material culture cheaper Tech change made material culture cheaper Belief that tech could solve probs Belief that tech could solve probs Hoopla for “common man” Hoopla for “common man” Belief in “self-made man” – success up to you Belief in “self-made man” – success up to you

9. And... Availability of land important part of democracy Availability of land important part of democracy Wilderness made America different from Europe, part of US identity Wilderness made America different from Europe, part of US identity Democracy, Individuality, Progress Democracy, Individuality, Progress

10. Edwin Church Natural Bridge, Virginia

11. Hudson River School NOT ed institution! Romanticism Idealized nature; could inspire moral qualities Peaceful coexistence Expansion, settlement Nationalistic, proud Large canvases

12. Thomas Cole, The Oxbow

13. Brook Farm Started by Unitarians, inspired by Transcendentalism Started by Unitarians, inspired by Transcendentalism Joint-stock ($500 entry fee) Joint-stock ($500 entry fee) Share work, worth based on work done Share work, worth based on work done Balance labor and leisure Balance labor and leisure Meant as example to rest of world of “industry without drudgery, true equality w/o vulgarity.” Meant as example to rest of world of “industry without drudgery, true equality w/o vulgarity.”

14. Farming = close to nature, independence Farming = close to nature, independence Lots of playing, dancing at The Hive Lots of playing, dancing at The Hive Individual freedom, incl. wives from husbands Individual freedom, incl. wives from husbands Fails after 6 years Fails after 6 years

15. Fruitlands Vegetarian, whatever grows up (no roots) Vegetarian, whatever grows up (no roots)

16. Oneida Abandonment of self for good of whole Abandonment of self for good of whole “Bible communism” “Bible communism” Share children (nurseries), wives (Complex Marriage), secrets (Criticism) Share children (nurseries), wives (Complex Marriage), secrets (Criticism) Perfectionism Perfectionism

17. Millerites

18. Oberlin College 1832 idea of Oberlin College and colony – a pastor and his friend decided to found "A new Jerusalem, a city without sin, in the wilderness."

19. Artwork at Oberlin

20. Admits women and African-Americans Becomes stop on Underground Railroad