1. The Urinary System LT: I can identify the different parts of the urinary system and explain their function.

3. General Functions Filtration Storage and excretion of waste (urea, uric acid) Production of hormones (blood pressure, volume) Homeostasis Na+, K+ pH (H+, bicarbonate ions) Blood pressure

4. Structures and Function Kidney Location- posterior wall of abdominal cavity Filtration Production of urine Right Kidney lower to accommodate the liver

5. Structures and Function Ureter Structure- narrow long tubes with expanded upper end Function- drain urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder

6. Structures and Function Urinary Bladder Structure Elastic muscular organ Lining arranged in rugae Function- stores urine before voiding

7. Structures and Function Urethra Structure Narrow short tube Lined with mucous membrane Urinary meatus Function- passageway for urine to leave bladder

8. A B C D E

9. Kidney Structures and Function Renal Cortex Superficial layer of kidney Renal Medulla Inner layer of the kidney

10. Kidney Structures and Function Minor Calyx Structure Cup shaped cavity Base of renal papillae Function- drains urine from the renal papillae into major calyx

11. Kidney Structures and function Renal Pelvis Structure Funnel shaped cavity Formed by convergence of calyces Function- collect urine from major calyces and joins ureter

12. Kidney Structures and Function Renal Pyramid Structure Darker conical region Renal medulla Function- house tubules of nephrons

13. Kidney Structures and Function Renal Vein Carries unoxygenated and filtered blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava

14. Kidney Structures and Function Major Calyx Structure Cavity formed by convergence of minor calyces Function- drain urine from minor calyces into renal pelvis

15. Kidney Structures and Function Renal Capsule Connective tissue covering the external surface of the kidney

16. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

18. Lab Reflection What was the purpose of the dialysis lab? What is dialysate? What in the lab represented dialysate? In the lab, list which each of the following represented: Red Beads Water with yellow food coloring Salt If proteins, glucose, and salt are present, describe what will happen to each indicator strip (color change).

19. Structure and Function of Nephron Functional units of the kidney 1 million Filtration and absorption

20. Nephron Structure Efferent arteriole Carries blood away from glomerulus Helps maintain filtration rate

21. Nephron Structure Glomerulus Cluster of capillaries Site of filtration Filtering unit

22. Nephron Structure Afferent Arteriole Brings blood to the glomerulus from renal artery

23. Nephron Structure Proximal convoluted tubule Bowman’s Capsule – Loop of Henle Reabsorption of: Sugar Na+ Water

24. Nephron Structure Peritubular capillary Surrounds nephrons tubular portion Fills with blood from efferent arteriole

25. Nephron Structure Distal convoluted tube Continues from proximal tubule Reabsorption of: Na+ Water

26. Nephron Structure Collecting Duct Collects urine from nephron and sends it to the ureter

27. Nephron Structure Loop of Henle Long loop located in the medulla of the kidney Reabsorption of Water Salts

28. Nephron Structure Bowman’s Capsule Saclike structure Surrounds glomerulus Collects filtrate from glomerulus

29. Nephron Structure Vasa Recta Carries blood at rate Maintains countercurrent mechanism Helps to maintain NaCl concentration gradient

30. Urine Formation Occurs in three stages Glomerular Filtration Tubular Reabsorption Tubular Secretion

31. Urine Formation Glomerular Filtration Water, other small dissolved molecules, and ions are filtered out of glomerular capillaries Glomerular filtrate Composition of filtrate Water Same solutes as in blood plasma (except larger protein particles) Average adult filtration rate 45 gallons in 24 hours

32. Urine Formation Filtration rate is affected by: Sympathetic Nervous System Responds to changes in blood pressure (ex. Bp drops) Antidiuretic Hormone Released in response to increased osmotic pressure Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction

33. Urine Formation Tubular Reabsorption Process that transports substances out of tubular fluid and into peritubular capillary Prevents needed materials from going in urine

34. Urine Formation Tubular Reabsorption Nutrients that can be used by the body are reabsorbed Water, glucose, sodium, etc. Occurs through osmosis, diffusion, and active transport

35. Urine Formation Secretion Substances move into urine in the distal and collecting tubules from blood Substances secreted Hydrogen ions Potassium ions Ammonia Certain drugs

36. Urine http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::500::500 ::/sites/dl/free/0073403563/667038/Urineformatio n.swf::Urine%20formation http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::500::500 ::/sites/dl/free/0073403563/667038/Urineformatio n.swf::Urine%20formation

37. Emptying Reflex Initiated by stretch reflex in bladder wall Bladder wall contracts Internal sphincter relaxes External sphincter relaxes and urination occurs

38. Urine Flow

39. Bowman’s Capsule – Proximal Convoluted Tubule – Descending Limb – Loop of Henle - Ascending Limb – Distal Convoluted tubule – Collecting Duct - Papillary Duct – Minor Calyx – Major Calyx – Renal Pelvis – Ureter – Urinary Bladder – Urethra

40. Bellwork 1.Nephron 2.Glomerulus 3.Filtrate 4.Secretion 5.Urinalysis 6.Aldosterone 7.Proximal convoluted tubule 8.Filtration 9.Bladder 10.ADH 11.Cortex A.Performs filtration B.The opposite of reabsorption C.The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney D.Under the control of the hypothalamus, this hormone increases the permeability of water E.A fluid consisting of water, glucose, amino acids, some salts, and urea F.An examination of urine G.Store urine until about 500cc has accumulated H.The first step in urine formation I.Adrenal hormone that controls urinary secretion J.Contains the nephron K.Where 80% of the water filtered out of the blood by the glomerulus is reabsorbed

41. Label the Diagram Below 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13