1. Joy Kirchner Virginia Tech Libraries Jan. 17-18, 2012. Economics: The Not-So-Hidden Costs

2. peer-reviewed articles per year peer-reviewed journals scholarly publishers (est.)

3. Journal publisher size guide Petite (5 or fewer) 54% Small (6-10)11% Medium (11-25)16% Large (26-50) 8% X-Large (51-100) 4% XX-Large (100+) 7% Scholarly publishing practice: academic journal publishers’ policies and practices in online publishing, 3 rd survey, ALPSP, 2008

4. societies & other non- profits university presses commercial publishers

5. revenue in 2009 STM sector Data from Simba Information 2010 publishing industry reports

6. Steelmakers Auto manufacturersConsumers Steel $$ Cars $$ Typical economy

7. AuthorLibrary JournalArticle Publisher $ $ $ $ Gift economy P&T Grants Reputation Prestige

8. Publisher © wholesale transfer of rights creates scarcity/monopoly drives prices up (inelastic market)

9. Average serial price up 227% Average book price up 65% CPI up 57% The result:

10. Libraries challenge pricing power Publishers try to sustain revenue flow Tying print to online Bundling journals Requiring multi-yr contracts Buying other publishers Raising prices Subsidizing journal start-ups Canceling journals Educating faculty authors Forming consortia Fighting mer gers

11. Roger Clarke, The cost profiles of alternative approaches to journal publishing, First Monday, 3 December 2007 Cost to produce one journal article Average journal article XYZ Commercial Publisher Amsterdam, London, New York My Facuty, PhD Average journal article ABC Not-for- Profit Publisher My Facuty, PhD

12. 9% $ 91% dollars 62% citations 38% citations Economics of quality?

13. From Outsell’s Open Access Primer (Public Version), December 2009 U.S. Library Spending, R&D Spending, and Journals 1995-2007 External Economic Pressures on Journals Market

14. Elsevier stock just downgraded to “underperform” From Bernstein Research (March10, 2011) “Reed Elsevier: The Inevitable Crunch Point—Downgrading to Underperform Because of Growing Concerns on Elsevier”

15. Scholarly communications reform includes efforts to establish balanced, sustainable economic models

16. Long-term solution may include shifting of library funds from collecting to producing or subsidizing scholarly content

17. Questions?Comments?

18. This work was created by Lee Van Orsdel for the ACRL National Conference, Scholarly Communications 101 Workshop and last updated by Joy Kirchner on January 5, 2012. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/