1. 1. Please pick-up your handouts on the computer counter at the front right of classroom (under the glass wear cabinets). 2. Take out your composition journal label page 6 “Cornell notes” and record the new entry “Cornell notes” in your table of content. 3. Also cut and page the syllabus and TEKS onto your journal Teach CHAMPS procedures for Starter!!

2. How to take Cornell Notes Writing Smart Goals Learn Safety rules Homefun: Sign and print syllabus, lab safety back Explore Mr. Lam’s webpage and take Cornell notes of the PPT slides for 8-24 & 8-25 this weekends ready to turn in on those dates Lab safety quiz online

3. Rubric Presentation dates Friday 8/28: (All students turn in writing report) Matthew, Reyna, Meagan (30 minutes) Kyra, Deandra, Billy (30 minutes) Jimmy and Guadalupe (30 minutes) Tuesday 9/1: Erin and Maria (30 minutes) Kyle and Samantha (30 minutes) Justin (15 minutes) Thursday 9/3 Diana and Gail (30 minutes)

4. Number the pages starting on page 5 (as page 1) Page 1 syllabus Page 2 lab safety contract Page 3 Formal lab rubric Page 4 TEKS Page 5 “8 TEKS VERBS” Page 6 Cornell Notes (take notes on how to write using Cornell notes)

9. Number the pages starting on page 5 (as page 1) Page 1 syllabus Page 2 lab safety contract Page 3 Formal lab rubric Page 4 STAAR quick reference chart Page 5 “8 TEKS VERBS” Page 6 Cornell Notes (take notes on how to write using Cornell notes) Page 7 Notes on What are SMART GOALS

10. Specific: State exactly what you want to accomplish (who, what, where, why) Measurable: How will you demonstrate and evaluate the extent to which the goal has been met?) Achievable: stretch and challenging goals within ability to achieve outcome. What is the action- oriented verb? Relevant: How does the goal tie into your key responsibilities? How is it aligned to the objectives? Timely: Set one or more target dates (including deadlines, dates and frequency), the “by when” to guide your goal to successful and timely completion

11. 1. I will lose weigh 2. I will lose weigh by June 1 st by walking 20 minutes a day.

12. Write your own SMART goals for: 1 st semester Year goal Class goal

13. Number the pages starting on page 5 (as page 1) Page 1 syllabus Page 2 lab safety contract Page 3 Formal lab rubric Page 4 STAAR quick reference chart Page 5 “8 TEKS VERBS” Page 6 Cornell Notes Page 7 Notes on What are SMART GOALS Page 8 Notes on Lab Safety Rules

15. List 3 safety rules you have learned in your previous science classes.

18. Science  Uses evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena  Generates knowledge

19. 19 Science assumes that everything in the universe can be explained, given enough data and experimentation. All ideas in science are constantly being tested, evaluated, and re-considered. Hypothesis: Testable prediction based on prior knowledge and observation. Can be supported or rejected based on an experiment. Theory: Broad explanation based on many experiments and high amounts of data. Examples: Evolution, Plate Tectonics, Big Bang Discoveries must be reproducible -- designed and recorded such that the results can be repeated by other researchers.

20. Many of the original understandings of life came from philosophers who did not actually conduct experiments, rather using logic and reason.

21. A far different idea is pseudoscience, which appears or claims to be science, but does not follow scientific principles. 21

22. Aristotle, an influential Greek philosopher, proposed that life could arise from non-living matter. “So with animals, some spring from parent animals according to their kind, whilst others grow spontaneously and not from kindred stock; and of these instances of spontaneous generation some come from putrefying earth or vegetable matter, as is the case with a number of insects, while others are spontaneously generated in the inside of animals out of the secretions of their several organs.“ —Aristotle, History of Animals, Book V, Part 1

23. The theory that life arose spontaneously from non- living matter persisted from ancient times through the 19 th century. One recipe for life called for dirty garments and husks of wheat to be added to a jar. Wait 21 days, and mice appear! This belief was based in false science. Could it be replicated consistently? Were any other possible explanations tested? 23

24. Scientific investigations begin with observation, the act of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way. A hypothesis is an explanation for an observation based on prior knowledge. Aristotle’s idea of spontaneous generation began with the observation that maggots would arise from meat or dead flesh, fleas from dust, tapeworms from other organisms, etc.

25. During Aristotle’s time, all scientific ideas were based on thought and logic, not experimentation. Experiments test a hypothesis under controlled conditions. Whenever possible, a hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which the independent variable is changed. The variable that is changed or affected is called the dependent variable, and will be measured. Any other variables should be held unchanged or constant.

26. An Italian physician named Francisco Redi proposed an experiment to test spontaneous generation. A flask containing raw meat was left in the open. This was the control group, since no new variable was being introduced.

27. Two additional flasks were set up, one completely sealed, and the other covered with gauze to allow air flow. These were the experimental groups that were being exposed to the independent variable. The dependent variable, the appearance of maggots, was recorded.

28. Only the unsealed flask grew maggots. Redi’s conclusion was that his hypothesis was correct -- maggots did not spontaneously generate, but grew from tiny eggs laid by flies. Conclusions always indicate whether the original hypothesis is supported or rejected.

29. The idea of spontaneous generation was eventually discarded through the use of the scientific method. Scientific methodology involves: observing and asking questions, forming hypotheses conducting controlled experiments, collecting and analyzing data drawing conclusions.

30. All experiments involve the collection of data. If this includes numerical measurements (time, distance, etc), the data is quantitative. If this includes non- numerical descriptive observations, the data is qualitative.

31. Accounting for every single variable in a scientific study is nearly impossible. There are many factors that can cause error or otherwise cause an incorrect conclusion. Probability helps to predict the likeliness of an experimental result occurring simply due to random chance. The effects of random chance are countered with having a large sample size in the experiment.

32. Another major problem with experiments is when scientists or patients influence the data to produce a specific result. This is called bias. Bias is not always intentional, but must be accounted for in the design of an experiment. A blind experiment prevents the experimental subjects from knowing whether they are in the control or experimental group. Eliminates the “placebo effect”. A double-blind experiment prevents both the scientists and subjects from knowing which is the control and experimental group.

33. Depending on the results of the experiment, the hypothesis may be rejected or modified. New experiments may be designed and conducted until some version of the hypothesis is supported.

34. Hypotheses should not be confused with theories, which are large, broad explanations composed of many hypotheses and experimental results. A theory would not be rejected by a single experiment, but a hypothesis could be. An example of a theory is the germ theory, which states that some diseases are the result of the presence and actions of microorganisms within the body. A scientific law is a description of an observed phenomenon. Laws do not explain the phenomenon, simply state it.

36. https://kahoot.it/#/

37. 1. Quietly write at least 5 sentences in your “note journal” summarizing what you have learned today. 2. If you finish early and have any question for me, please write on a post-it-note and stick it to the “parking lot”. 3. Please wait for me to dismiss the class! You are wonderful! Love having you in class! Thank you!: