1. Life in the North Factory Conditions Become Worse Mills Factories - smaller, less workers- larger, more workers - less noisy and polluted- more machines/steam powered - longer hours / lower pay A Change in Values Artisan Worker - had a very specific skill used- could work a machine or do a to produce a product repetitive task - took pride in the craftsmanship- quantity not quality and quality of the product- no pride or creativity - could be creative Chapter 14 section 2

2. Life in the North Hazards at Work - too hot or too cold - pollutants - dangerous machines Chapter 14 section 2

3. Life in the North Workers Join Together - formed trade unions Worked together for: - shorter work day - higher wages (pay) - better work conditions Chapter 14 section 2 Unionizing worked better for skilled workers than non-skilled workers. If you have a skill you cannot be easily replaced, if you don’t there is always someone who will do the job for less money.

4. Life in the North Women Workers Unite Women also joined together for better (fair) pay. Chapter 14 section 2

5. Life in the North A New Wave of Immigrants 1849-1860 British - were generally accepted, bought land or worked in factories. Irish - were generally discriminated against, worked hard, low paying jobs. Germans - were often skilled artisans or had enough start up money to buy land. - many German Jews came to America as well Chapter 14 section 2

6. Life in the North A Reaction Against Immigrants nativists = wanted to keep foreigners from settling in America; wanted the U.S. to stay white European (British, French, maybe Spanish) The Know Nothing Party - anti-Catholic - anti-immigrant When asked about the political party and its ideas, members would say “I know nothing about that.” Chapter 14 section 2

7. Life in the North Discrimination against the Irish Chapter 14 section 2

8. Life in the North African Americans in the North Even though African-Americans were free in the north, they were still discriminated against because of their skin color. They were either paid less or not given jobs. They could not vote, be elected to office, join the army, or attend free public schools at the time. Chapter 14 section 2