1. Frontier Territory, 1870-1900 Arizona History Lecture #4 Heidi J. Osselaer

3. Native American Reservations

4. General Allotment Act (Dawes Severalty Act) 1887 Each household allowed 160 acres Each single adult allowed 80 acres Each minor child allowed 40 acres Allotments doubled if suitable for grazing Reduces tribal land from 138 million acres in 1887 to 48 million acres by 1934

5. Communal farming transitions to individual family homesteads.

6. Phoenix Indian School 1891 “It’s cheaper to educate Indians than to kill them.” Thomas Morgan

11. Between Two Worlds Lost ties to families, language, customs, and religion Taught to work, cook, and live in the white man’s world, but were discriminated against in the job market Felt uncomfortable when they returned to the reservation and unwanted in the white world

13. Early Mormon settlements on the Little Colorado River

14. Lee’s Ferry

17. Udall Family Rachel Berry

18. Snowflake founded in1878 Erastus Snow

19. Jack Swilling Swilling Irrigation and Canal Compa ny

20. Phoenix and Tempe

21. Brands from early southern Arizona ranches

23. Texas Longhorn Hereford

25. Babbitt Brothers Trading Co. ranching, lumber, general merchandise

27. Helen Duett Ellison Hunt

28. Sandra Day O’Connor

29. James Babbitt Don Babbitt Bruce Babbit

31. Early gold strikes: Gila City 1858 Wickenburg 1861 Prescott 1863

32. First territorial officers, 1864 (Gov. John Goodwin seated in center)

33. Prescott in 1864

34. Governor’s Mansion in 1869

35. Prescott

36. Morris Goldwater

37. Ed Schieffelin “Lucky Cuss” Mine

38. Tombstone in 1882

39. Tombstone Consolidated Mine

40. Tombstone Population 1879 250 1880 3,000 1881 7,000 1890 14,000

41. Crystal Palace Saloon, Tombstone

44. Wyatt Earp Doc Holliday

45. Editor John Clum Sheriff John Behan

48. Clara Spalding Brown Nellie Cashman Sarah Sorin

50. Copper becomes important during the Industrial Revolution to produce wire to transmit electricity

51. Copper mining in Bisbee

53. Dr. James Douglas Walter Douglas Congressman Lewis Douglas

55. Bisbee

56. John Wesley Powell’s Colorado River Expedition, 1869

57. Fred Harvey

58. Harvey Girls

59. The Watch Tower Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter

60. Hopi House at Grand Canyon

61. Bright Angel Lodge and Lookout Studio at Grand Canyon

62. El Tovar at Grand Canyon

63. 1906 1907 1908

64. Grand Canyon National Monument, 1908

65. Sharlot Hall

66. Mary-Russell Ferrell and Harold Colton Museum of Northern Arizona

67. Maie and Dwight Heard

68. Tuberculosis affects 10% of US population in the 19 th century

69. St. Joseph’s Hospital Sisters of Mercy

72. Acts of Congress Homestead Act of 1862: 160 acres for each household. Must reside on and improve land for 5 years. Desert Lands Act of 1877: 640 acres for each household in the arid Southwest. The National Reclamation Act of 1902: federal funding of water reclamation projects.

73. Roosevelt Dam area in 1898 Apache construction workers

74. Roosevelt Dam completed 1911

75. Questions for Consideration What role did the federal government play in the early development of territorial Arizona? List the most important policies and acts of Congress that affected the territory. What role did women play in the early development of territorial Arizona?