1. Chapter 10: Emotion pgs. 440-456 Music: “Not Afraid” Eminem “Dog Days are Over” Glee Cast

2. Agenda 1. Definition of Emotion: 3 Components a) Subjective/Cognitive b) Physiological c) Behavioural 2. Expression of Emotion a) Nonverbal communication b) Cultural universals c) Individual differences d) Detecting Deceit e) How to cope with our feelings 3. Experiencing Emotions a) Fear b) Anger c) Happiness 4. Theories of Emotion

3. 1.Emotion  “Every feeling has its value and significance…”  Our basic driving force is to seek pleasure and avoid pain. 1. Definition: 3 Components a) Subjective:  Pleasant/unpleasant internal state + Associated thoughts & questions  Appraisals/focus shape emotional experience  Thoughts can intensify emotions b) Physiological:  Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (p. 441)  Changes in breathing, perspiration, heart rate

4. 1.b) Physiological component: p. 443

5. 1. b) Physiological Response (continued) p. 441, Fig. 10.20

6. 1.Third component of emotion: C) Behavioural Reaction:  Visible bodily expression  E.g. change in facial expression and body posture

7. 2. Expression of Emotion:  a) Nonverbal expression: 80 facial muscles involved Distinct patterns associated with particular emotions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrgNKGjSyxA Gender differences in reading and expressing emotions  b) Cultural Universals Facial expressions represent a universal language  For primary emotions: fear, anger, joy, disgust, surprise, sadness/distress Display rules vary according to culture

8. 2. c) Individual Differences in Emotional Expression: Some individuals are naturally more expressive than others (see ACT items) Others are conflicted about showing their emotions (see AEQ items) Expression has health benefits! Diary studies

9. 2. d) Detecting Deceit: Polygraph: Measures autonomic arousal (emotion detector) heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, GSR Lie detector has serious limitations (p. 442) Micro-expressions may leak emotions

10. 2. e) How to cope with our feelings Be aware Allow and accept Regulate: What do you need?

11. 3. Experiencing Emotion Fear: Can paralyze Can also lead to adaptive response Conditioning and observational learning explain acquisition of fears (mediated by amygdala) Anger: Appraisal is critical: Perceived offense against us involving a responsible agent. What to do with angry feelings? Hostile outbursts often lead to escalations Brewing/holding-in also detrimental 1) Clarify misunderstanding Assert how you feel, what you need 2) Try to see it from the other’s perspective Allows forgiveness to occur

12. 3. Happiness: How happy are YOU? p. 450

13. 3. Happiness Would more money make you happier? Student aspirations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXFydMKIZRA External events have short-turn impact After some time, lottery winners are not much happier than paraplegics GNP and subjective well-being across countries Average American is three times as rich as he was in the 60’s but no happier Relationship between wealthy and happiness is tenuous at best … Yet people aspire to make more money!

14. 3. Happiness (p. 450-454) Strong Predictors: Love Married people report higher levels of happiness Work Satisfaction Substantial association with general happiness Personality and temperament 50% or more heritable, but not genetically fixed

15. 3. Happiness Moderate Predictors: Health Particularly important later in life Social Activity Strong personal relationships foster better health and mood Religion Provides meaning Comfort and support  Especially in times of stress

16. 3. Invest in Happiness Nurture your relationships/ Find love Practice Acts of Kindness Find meaning and purpose in your life: Through work or spirituality Derive meaning from adversity  What doesn’t kill you will make you stronger  Practice self-compassion Work on your outlook: Don’t compare yourself to others Focus on what you have (rather than what you don’t have)  Count your blessings; keep a gratitude journal Don’t dwell on your setbacks  Distract yourself after a disappointment Take care of your body

17. 4. Theories of Emotion Does your heart pound because you are afraid, or are you afraid because you feel your heart pounding? Fig. 10.25, p. 447

18. See you next week And