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Objectives Name three parts of the cell cycle.
Name four major parts of mitosis. Identify important parts of a dividing cell.
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The cell cycle has three major parts:
Interphase Mitosis (Karyokinesis) (Mitosis has four major sub-parts) 1) Prophase 2) Metaphase 3) Anaphase 4) Telophase Cytokinesis
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Interphase Characterized by: Intact nuclear envelope Visible nucleolus
Although you can’t tell it, the cell’s DNA and other cell components are undergoing a process called replication (duplication process); chromosomes become double-stranded. 4. Three sub-phases: G1, S, and G2 Nuclear envelope Nucleolus
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Condensed chromosomes
Mitosis = Karyokinesis Prophase Characterized by: Disappearing nuclear envelope and nucleolus Chromosomes (46* in each human cell) coil and condense Spindle fibers (microtubules) form and chromosomes become attached by way of centromeres Newly formed centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell *23 pairs of chromosomes Condensed chromosomes (chromatin fibers)
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Mitosis = Karyokinesis Metaphase
Characterized by: Chromosomes align across the “equator” or metaphase plate Centrioles stop at opposite ends of the cell Spindle apparatus is fully formed Spindle apparatus Centrioles Centrioles Metaphase plate
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Shortening microtubules
Mitosis = Karyokinesis Anaphase Characterized by: Spindle fibers (microtubules) shorten and separate the chromosomes at the metaphase plate In the human cell, 46 single- stranded chromosomes move in opposite directions toward each pole Centrioles Centrioles Shortening microtubules (spindle fibers)
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Can you name structures in the dividing cell?
single-stranded chromosome centromere centrioles spindle fiber (microtubule)
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Mitosis = Karyokinesis Telophase
Characterized by: Cleavage furrow forms Nuclear envelopes begin to form around two daughter nuclei Chromosomes decondense Spindle disappears Cytokinesis (Division of cytoplasm and contents into two cells) cleavage furrow daughter nuclei
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This figure represents an overview of the cell cycle.
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