2.  Self-awareness are clinical and personal aspects of psychotherapy which need to be sought in 5 areas:  1. Physical  2. Professional  3. Individual  4. Interpersonal  5. Cultural  The first 2 deal with communication, verbal and nonverbal.  The remaining 3 are involved with preexisting clinician’s traits to deal with “values clarification”

3.  Definitions:  Values:  Are individually formed and based. They are the beliefs and attitudes that provide direction in every day living. guide our personal decision making  Values reflect priority systems that we use to guide our personal decision making and the choices we make.

4.  Definitions:  Morals: Refer to an individual’s beliefs about what is good or is bad behavior. They are standards used as guides for conduct, specially in “social contents.” values morals APA Ethical Rules Legal Issues Therapists need to know their own values and morals along with the APA Ethical Rules and Legal Issues to make professional decisions

5.  1. Autonomy  2. Beneficence  3. Nonmaleficence  4. Justice  5. Fidelity  6. Veracity

6.  1. Autonomy honor the right of clients and their decisions.  Refers to the clinician’s willingness to honor the right of clients and their decisions.  2. Beneficence commitment to do good welfare, dignity, and respect good of the client.  Refers to the commitment to do good to clients. It deals with the promotion of clients welfare, dignity, and respect. It concerning that treatment goals and strategies for intervention and outcomes are for the good of the client.

7.  3. Nonmaleficence “no harm” intentional and unintentional  Refers to the understanding that the utmost concern of the mental-heath care provider has to “no harm” to client, and “harm” refers to intentional and unintentional harm from therapist.  4. Justice fair and equal treatments fairness, eligibility criterion and equal distribution of resources.  Refers to the fair and equal treatments. Also called “distribution justice.” This principal requires nondiscrimination in service delivery, fairness, eligibility criterion and equal distribution of resources.

8.  5. Fidelity honesty, loyalty, and commitment to keep promises.  Refers to honesty, loyalty, and commitment to keep promises. According to this principle the work of clinician and client is a social contract that must be honored by the clinician.

9.  6. Veracity legal contract  6. Veracity is a legal contract. It addresses issues of confidentiality, limits to confidentiality, release of information, legal aspects of record keeping, payment arrangement and third party reimbursement issues.  Sometimes refers to as fidelity. However, veracity refers to the “legal” aspects of mental-health care and to the honoring of all contracts made with clients. It addresses issues of confidentiality, limits to confidentiality, release of information, legal aspects of record keeping, payment arrangement and third party reimbursement issues.

10.  Individual self awareness are rights and responsibilities of clients:  1. Right to personal freedom  2. Responsibility towards others  3. Responsibility for personal decision making

11.  4. The right to respect for their individuality  5. The right not to be dominated, manipulated, or indoctrinated  6. The right to make and learn from their own mistakes.

12.  Common Therapy and Counseling Topics that Involve Values (see skill 2.1in clinical interview folder)  1. Instrumental Values  Are about the frequency or intensity of a conduct  2. Terminal values  Are end-state of existence  Interpersonal Patterns to explore to, Gain Interpersonal Self-Awareness table 2.1 (see handout)  Rokeach’s Central Life Values for Self Exploration table 2.1 (see handout)

13.  Definitions:  Culture: Sets of values beliefs, or learned behavior of a group of people i.e., mid-east culture, Chinese culture  Cultural Awareness: Refers to recognizing your own personal biases, prejudices, beliefs, stereotypic attitudes, and remarks.  Ethnicity: Refers to shared social and cultural heritage. i.e., Asian Americans, Alaska Natives, Spanish Americans.

14.  Definitions:  Race: Refers strictly to a biological classification that is based on physical and genetic characteristic.  There are 3 primary race:  1. Caucasoid  2. Mongoloid  3. Negroid

15.  Traits of Culturally Sensitive Mental-Health - Care Provider table 2.3 (see handout)