1. Labor Strives to Organize Bell Ringer: What do you think that conditions were like for people working in factories in the late 1800’s?

2. Government and Business… 1890: Congress passes the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. –Outlawed all monopolies and trusts that restrained trade. –Law didn’t define what constituted a monopoly or trust, making it difficult to enforce. –Monopolies and trusts continue to grow.

3. New Working Class… 1900: 1/3 of the industrial workers were foreign born. African Americans: –Most southerner blacks moved North. –Chicago in 1900: 80% of black workers were southern born. –Dirtiest most dangerous jobs. Women and Children: –Number of female workers doubled between 1870-1890. –By 1900, women were 18% of the workforce. –1890: 20% of children 10-15 worked. –Most Children worked in textile mills.

4. Working Conditions… Children faced dangerous conditions. 12 hour days Low wages Fatigue made unsafe conditions more dangerous No compensation for injury or death No sick or vacation days

5. Knights of Labor… 1869: 9 Philadelphia garment workers founded the Knights of Labor Union was open to skilled and unskilled workers Women were welcomed as well Blacks could join in 1883 Fought for Temperance, 8 hour workday, equal pay for equal work, end to child labor.

6. Great Upheaval… Violent Labor confrontations were known as the Great Upheaval. Depression in 1880’s lead to wage cuts, workers were outraged. Haymarket Riot: May 1, 1886 –40,000 Chicago workers striked against McCormick Harvesting Machine Company. –May 3: Police kill 2 –May 4: Small Peaceful Rally in Haymarket Square was about to break up when 200 police officers arrived. Suddenly a bomb went off, killing 60 officers. 8 were arrested, found guilty, and hanged.

7. American Federation of Labor Union founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886. –Organized independent craft unions into a group that worked to advance the interests of skilled workers. Homestead Strike: –1892: Strike breaks out at Carnegie steel in Homestead, PA. –Protesting cut wages, 16 killed. Pullman Strike: –Pullman, IL 1894: wages were cut, but rent and prices in Pullman’s town did not. –Halted Rail traffic in the Midwest.

8. Homework… Chapter 15, Review (page 488) –Identifying people and ideas –Understanding Main Ideas –Thinking Critically DUE TOMORROW, NO EXCUSES OR EXCEPTIONS!