1. Health Caring Men: Male Veterans’ Coping with the Psychological Effects of the Iraq War Cindy Lung Adviser: Tyson Smith, Ph.D

2. Overview Background of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars War-zone stressors on OIF and OEF soldiers Post-war adjustment difficulties among veterans Introduce research question

3. March 19 th, 2003

4. Major Characteristics Asymmetric warfare No “front-line” - there is difficulty distinguishing between insurgents and civilians. Repeat and longer deployments

5. By the end of 2011, 4,487 U.S. soldiers had died and 32,000 were physically wounded in Iraq.

6. Overview Background of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars War-zone stressors on OIF and OEF soldiers Post-war adjustment difficulties among veterans Introduce research question

7. “…we got bombed a lot…we got bombed every day for a good three months. And then on convoys we were shot at all the time.” – Derrick “… that was my first time ever seeing someone killed you know. I’d never seen anyone killed before… I’m just staring there—standing there staring at it at this actual body with no head.” – Ervin “You know I put casualties onto my vehicle… I mean, that don’t phase you. I mean, that’s just again that’s part of your job. You know you train for it.” - Tim

8. Post-deployment Behaviors Aggression Substance Abuse Post-traumatic stress Deployment Fatalities IEDs, RPGs, and various other bombs Stressors of war

9. Yet only a minority of the military population with mental illness seek professional mental health services.

10. The Male Veteran

11. How does hegemonic masculinity affect male veterans’ expression of their war experience and estrangement from professional mental health care services?

12. Methodology Snowball sample from PI’s initial contacts. So far, I analyzed 9 audio-recorded interviews with Iraq War veterans. All veterans reported at least one major symptom of PTSD. Preliminary findings suggest that access to care was not an issue. Most vets interviewed view the VA positively. “Yeah [the VA was helpful]. It’s taken them some time….from when I first got back, they weren’t prepared for what was coming back. Umm, but now there’s plenty of things that are set up and plenty of avenues to go, uh, for help.” - Benny

13. Characteristics of Participants Name (Pseudonyms) Branch of MilitaryLength of Deployment Ethnicity AlanArmy13 monthsBiracial, half African American BenArmy15 monthsCaucasian BennyArmy National Guard 7 monthsCaucasian DerrickMarines7 monthsCaucasian ErvinArmy National Guard 18 monthsAfrican American NormanArmy12 monthsCaucasian TimArmy National Guard 12 monthsAfrican American VinceMarines6 monthsFilipino PaulNavy15 monthsCaucasian

14. Themes

15. “…like I said earlier you can’t show fear. I mean, you can’t. And it’s useless. It’s a useless emotion.” – Benny

16. “And I just saw him sitting in his room like looking leaning over….I’ve never seen him cry like, you know, I don’t know. I don’t want to see him cry. That would change things. I don’t know. It’s the weirdest thing. I don’t know. It’s a man thing.” -Norman “You know like I had a guy—I had to smack a guy because he was crying. Like I said, ‘Dude, why are you crying for? Dude, just do your job.’ ” - Norman

17. “…they just like see me as like this strong person that’s made it through so much. And, uh, so I just feel like I can’t be like weak around them you know…and I don’t...I don’t feel like I can in front of either one of them ‘cause they all look at me as like some kind of superman, you know.” - Tim “..I just feel like I can’t be like weak around them.” - Tim

18. Conforming to ideas of traditional masculinity has costs.

19. Conflict Response, Negotiation, and Transformation – From the Global to the Individual

20. Thank you all! Shout out to Prof. Smith!