1. Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny: An Empire for Liberty– or Slavery? (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

2. Growth as the American Way Unprecedented growth: U.S. population and land 1803-1850 “Manifest Destiny” (1845) - to possess the continent for the development of liberty (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

3. The Westering Impulse What famous line did Horace Greeley coin? Depression of 1837 (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

4. The Oregon and California Trails “Oregon fever” 1849, California Gold Rush Stories of triumph & tragedy Victims of starvation, disease, & Indians (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

5. Overland Trails, 1846

6. Texas Territory Mexico encouraged settlement of Texas (1821) Mexican qualifications for settlement When does Mexico abolish slavery? (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

7. Texas Territory (continue) American settlement - Protestants in a Catholic country - Slave owners in country banning slavery 30k Americans lived in Texas by 1835 - outnumbered Mexicans 6 to 1

8. The Republic of Texas New Conservative Mexican Gov’t (1835) - Americans protest Mexican authority - Mexican gov’t responds militarily Texas declares independence 1836

9. Texas Independence Mexican General Santa Anna captured Alamo killing all 187 defenders (3-6-1836) –“Remember the Alamo!”

10. Battle of San Jacinto Sam Houston (1836) - captured Anna (forced to sign treaty)

11. Sam Houston: 1 st president of the Republic of Texas Led a petition for annexation by US (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

12. James K. Polk Polk in 1844 “Fifty-four forty or fight!” Polk elected Texas becomes 15 th state (1845) Mexico breaks off diplomatic relations with U.S.

13. (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved Settlement of the Oregon boundary Dispute, 1846 (49 th parallel)

14. The Mexican War, 1846-48 Polk attempted to buy CA & N. M. for $30 million - provoked a war “Mr. Polk’s War” Did the US win the Mexican War? (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

15. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty of Hidalgo (1848) –Formally acquired new territory for $15 million –Reduced Mexico by ½ & increased US by ¼ Why would US want to acquire westward territory? (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

16. Issue of slavery in new territory Zachary Taylor wins election of 1848 - war hero / slave-owner Taylor suddenly dies in office - Millard Fillmore becomes president (1850) Slavery issues Senate passes Compromise of 1850

17. The Compromise of 1850 Provisions –California a free state (16 th ) –New Mexico and Utah no restrictions on slavery (popular sovereignty) –Fugitive Slave Law - required all to assist in the return of runaway slaves

18. Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book is reaction against Fugitive Slave Law Central theme: breakup of slave families Shaped Northern perceptions of slavery for a generation

19. The Fugitive Slave Law As anti-slave sentiment in North grew, local authorities refused to cooperate with fugitive slave laws (and slave hunters) "Underground Railroad“ Harriet Tubman (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

20. Conclusion 1845-1848: addition of 1,150,000 square miles to United States America’s “manifest destiny” justified expansion Missouri Compromise of 1820 Compromise of 1850 postponed slavery issue America- An Empire for Liberty– or Slavery? (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved